- Source: 91st United States Congress
The 91st United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1969, to January 3, 1971, during the final weeks of the presidency of Lyndon Johnson and the first two years of the first presidency of Richard Nixon.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the 1960 United States census.
Both chambers had a Democratic majority - albeit with losing their supermajority status in the Senate. With Richard Nixon being sworn in as president on January 20, 1969, this ended the Democrats' overall federal government trifecta that they had held since the 87th Congress.
Major events
January 20, 1969: Richard M. Nixon became 37th President of the United States.
Major legislation
December 30, 1969: Tax Reform Act of 1969, Pub. L. 91–172
December 30, 1969: Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969, Pub. L. 91–173
January 1, 1970: National Environmental Policy Act, Pub. L. 91–190
April 1, 1970: Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act, Pub. L. 91–222
April 3, 1970: Environmental Quality Improvement Act, Pub. L. 91–224
May 21, 1970: Airport and Airway Development Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–258, title I
August 12, 1970: Postal Reorganization Act (United States Postal Service), Pub. L. 91–375
August 15, 1970: Economic Stabilization Act of 1970, Title II of Pub. L. 91–379, 84 Stat. 799
September 22, 1970: District of Columbia Delegate Act, Pub. L. 91–405
October 15, 1970: Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–452 (including the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act ("RICO")
October 15, 1970: Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–453
October 26, 1970: Bank Secrecy Act, Pub. L. 91–508
October 26, 1970: Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970
October 27, 1970: Controlled Substances Act, Pub. L. 91–513
October 30, 1970: Rail Passenger Service Act (Amtrak), Pub. L. 91–518
December 24, 1970: Family Planning Services and Population Research Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–572
December 24, 1970: Plant Variety Protection Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–577
December 29, 1970: Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), Pub. L. 91–596
December 31, 1970: Clean Air Act Extension, Pub. L. 91–604
December 31, 1970: Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91–609, including title VII, National Urban Policy and New Community Development Act of 1970
January 12, 1971: Foreign Military Sales Act of 1971, Pub. L. 91–672
January 13, 1971: Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act, Pub. L. 91–695
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
=Senate
== House of Representatives
=Leadership
= Senate
=President: Hubert Humphrey (D), until January 20, 1969
Spiro Agnew (R), from January 20, 1969
President pro tempore: Richard Russell Jr. (D)
Permanent Acting President pro tempore: Lee Metcalf (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: Mike Mansfield
Majority Whip: Ted Kennedy
Caucus Secretary: Robert Byrd
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Everett Dirksen, until September 7, 1969
Hugh Scott, from September 24, 1969
Minority Whip: Hugh Scott, until September 24, 1969
Robert P. Griffin, from September 24, 1969
Republican Conference Chairman: Margaret Chase Smith
Republican Conference Secretary: Milton Young
National Senatorial Committee Chair: John Tower
Policy Committee Chairman: Gordon Allott
= House of Representatives
=Speaker: John W. McCormack (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Majority Leader: Carl Albert
Majority Whip: Hale Boggs
Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dan Rostenkowski
Democratic Caucus Secretary: Leonor Sullivan
Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Michael A. Feighan
Minority (Republican) leadership
Minority Leader: Gerald Ford
Minority Whip: Leslie C. Arends
Republican Conference Chairman: John B. Anderson
Republican Conference Secretary: Richard H. Poff
Policy Committee Chairman: John Jacob Rhodes
Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Bob Wilson
Caucuses
House Democratic Caucus
Senate Democratic Caucus
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Members of the House are listed by district.
= Senate
=Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1970; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1972; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1974.
= House of Representatives
=Some members of the House of Representatives were elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise at-large, and others were elected from districts, as listed here as the districts existed at this time.
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress
= Senate
=Replacements: 3
Democratic: 2 seat net gain
Republican: 2 seat net loss
Deaths: 1
Resignations: 2
Total seats with changes: 3
= House of Representatives
=Replacements: 14
Democratic: 2 seat net gain
Republican: 2 seat net loss
Deaths: 10
Resignations: 8
Total seats with changes: 18
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
= Senate
=Aeronautical and Space Sciences (Chair: Clinton P. Anderson; Ranking Member: Margaret Chase Smith)
Agriculture and Forestry (Chair: Allen J. Ellender; Ranking Member: George D. Aiken)
Appropriations (Chair: Richard B. Russell; Ranking Member: Milton R. Young)
Armed Services (Chair: John C. Stennis; Ranking Member: Margaret Chase Smith)
Banking and Currency (Chair: John J. Sparkman; Ranking Member: Wallace F. Bennett)
Commerce (Chair: Warren G. Magnuson; Ranking Member: Norris Cotton)
District of Columbia (Chair: Joseph D. Tydings; Ranking Member: Winston L. Prouty)
Equal Educational Opportunity (Select) (Chair: [data missing]; Ranking Member: [data missing])
Finance (Chair: Russell B. Long; Ranking Member: John J. Williams)
Foreign Relations (Chair: J. William Fulbright; Ranking Member: George D. Aiken)
Government Operations (Chair: John Little McClellan; Ranking Member: Karl E. Mundt)
Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: Henry M. Jackson; Ranking Member: Gordon Allott)
Judiciary (Chair: James O. Eastland; Ranking Member: Everett M. Dirksen, then Roman Hruska)
Labor and Public Welfare (Chair: Ralph W. Yarborough; Ranking Member: Jacob K. Javits)
Nutrition and Human Needs (Select) (Chair: George S. McGovern)
Post Office and Civil Service (Chair: Gale W. McGee; Ranking Member: Hiram Fong)
Public Works (Chair: Jennings Randolph; Ranking Member: John Sherman Cooper)
Rules and Administration (Chair: B. Everett Jordan; Ranking Member: Carl T. Curtis)
Small Business (Select) (Chair: Alan Bible)
Standards and Conduct (Select) (Chair: John C. Stennis; Vice Chairman: Wallace F. Bennett)
Whole
= House of Representatives
=Agriculture (Chair: William R. Poage; Ranking Member: Page Belcher)
Appropriations (Chair: George H. Mahon; Ranking Member: Frank T. Bow)
Armed Services (Chair: L. Mendel Rivers; Ranking Member: William H. Bates)
Banking and Currency (Chair: Wright Patman; Ranking Member: William B. Widnall)
District of Columbia (Chair: John L. McMillan; Ranking Member: Ancher Nelsen)
Education and Labor (Chair: Carl D. Perkins; Ranking Member: William H. Ayres)
Foreign Affairs (Chair: Thomas E. Morgan; Ranking Member: E. Ross Adair)
Government Operations (Chair: William L. Dawson; Ranking Member: Florence P. Dwyer)
House Administration (Chair: Samuel N. Friedel; Ranking Member: Glenard P. Lipscomb)
House Beauty Shop (Select) (Chair: Martha W. Griffiths)
House Restaurant (Select) (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A)
Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: Wayne N. Aspinall; Ranking Member: John P. Saylor)
Internal Security (Chair: Richard H. Ichord; Ranking Member: John M. Ashbrook)
Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chair: Harley O. Staggers; Ranking Member: William L. Springer)
Judiciary (Chair: Emanuel Celler; Ranking Member: William M. McCulloch)
Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Edward A. Garmatz; Ranking Member: William S. Mailliard)
Parking (Select) (Chair: Bernice F. Sisk)
Post Office and Civil Service (Chair: Thaddeus J. Dulski; Ranking Member: Robert J. Corbett)
Public Works (Chair: George Hyde Fallon; Ranking Member: William C. Cramer)
Rules (Chair: William M. Colmer; Ranking Member: H. Allen Smith)
Science and Astronautics (Chair: George P. Miller; Ranking Member: James G. Fulton)
Small Business (Select) (Chair: Joe L. Evins)
Standards of Official Conduct (Chair: Charles Melvin Price; Ranking Member: Leslie C. Arends)
Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Olin E. Teague; Ranking Member: Charles M. Teague)
Ways and Means (Chair: Wilbur D. Mills; Ranking Member: John W. Byrnes)
Whole
= Joint committees
=Atomic Energy (Chair: Rep. Chet Holifield; Vice Chair: Sen. John O. Pastore)
Congressional Operations
Defense Productions (Chair: Sen. John J. Sparkman; Vice Chair: Rep. Wright Patman)
Disposition of Executive Papers
Economic (Chair: Rep. Wright Patman; Vice Chair: Sen. William Proxmire)
Immigration and Nationality Policy
Legislative Budget (Chair: Rep. Wilbur D. Mills)
The Library (Chair: Rep. Samuel N. Friedel; Vice Chair: Sen. B. Everett Jordan)
Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration
Printing (Chair: Sen. B. Everett Jordan; Vice Chair: Rep. Samuel N. Friedel)
Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures (Chair: Rep. George H. Mahon)
Taxation (Chair: Rep. Wilbur D. Mills; Vice Chair: Sen. Russell B. Long)
Employees
See also
List of new members of the 91st United States Congress
1968 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
1968 United States presidential election
1968 United States Senate elections
1968 United States House of Representatives elections
1970 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
1970 United States Senate elections
1970 United States House of Representatives elections
Notes
References
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 91st Congress (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 20, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 91st Congress.
Official Congressional Directory for the 91st Congress, 1st Session.
Official Congressional Directory for the 91st Congress, 2nd Session.
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Badan Perlindungan Lingkungan Amerika Serikat
- Kongres Amerika Serikat ke-91
- Ralph Yarborough
- Herbert Hoover
- Serangan Wisma Brécourt
- 91st United States Congress
- List of new members of the 91st United States Congress
- List of United States senators in the 91st Congress
- List of United States Congresses
- 1968 United States House of Representatives elections
- List of United States federal legislation
- Party divisions of United States Congresses
- 1968 United States elections
- Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
- 1969 United States House of Representatives elections
