- Source: Akademisches Gymnasium (Vienna)
The Akademisches Gymnasium is a state gymnasium school located in Vienna, Austria. Founded by the Jesuits in March 1553, it is the oldest secondary school in Vienna and is now nondenominational and non-feepaying. The school offers a humanistic education and is known to be rather liberal compared to other traditional secondary schools in the city. Currently, there are approximately 600 pupils in 24 classes.
History
= 16th–18th century
=In the 16th century, it was the privilege of the University of Vienna to decide about the founding of educational institutions. In March 1553, the Jesuits were granted permission to found the Akademisches Gymnasium.
The main educational objectives of the exclusively Jesuit teachers was to instill knowledge and the practice of Catholicism in the pupils. At the time, the Akademisches Gymnasium was located opposite the university (today the Austrian Academy of Sciences) on the premises of today's Dominican monastery. Pupils were taught in Latin.
= 18th–20th century
=In 1773 Pope Clement XIV dissolved the Jesuit order so that both the teaching staff and the educational objectives of the Akademisches Gymnasium changed. The new focus was on History, Mathematics, German, Literature and Geography. The school was now run by the Piarists order.
It became more profane and the spirit of the Enlightenment was felt among teachers as well as pupils. New didactical and paedagogical methods were introduced, as were tuition fees.
As a result of the reform of secondary schools in 1849 the school was restructured to its present curriculum of 8 years ending with the Matura final exam. The humanistic aspects became more and more pronounced as education focused on languages, history, mathematics and the natural sciences. The first Matura exam was held in 1851.
In 1866 the school moved to its present building at Beethovenplatz in the 1st district of Vienna. It was built by Friedrich von Schmidt, the architect who also designed the Vienna townhall, in his typical neo-gothic style.
= After the World Wars
=The period after World War I was very difficult for the Akademisches Gymnasium and it narrowly escaped closure because of a rapid decrease in the number of pupils. This development was temporarily reversed but in 1938 the school's fate was again in peril: with the Nazis coming to power in Austria, all the Jewish pupils and three teachers (one of them was David Ernst Oppenheim), had to leave the school thereby reducing the school's studentship by 40 percent. One of the most famous victims of these measures was Nobel laureate Walter Kohn.
After World War II, the Akademisches Gymnasium regained its old reputation. Known as one of the most demanding schools in Austria, it offers a general, humanistic education with a special focus on classical and modern languages preparing its pupils for further academic studies. Several of its teachers also teach at the University of Vienna. State-run, the school is free of charge and admission by merit. Nationwide examination for the Matura is only slowly being introduced in Austria since 2014/15; nevertheless, schools continue to examine their own pupils. Marks on non-centralised exams reflect the school's internal standards. The Akademisches Gymnasium has been performing Greek theatre on a semi-professional level, but is also known for excellent musical performances. Lately, the school's choir has won several competitions.
= 21st century
=There continues to be an emphasis on languages. Pupils have 8 years of either English or French, 6 years of Latin (5 years for intakes from 2011), and either 2 years of French or English (3 years from 2011) followed by 4 years of ancient Greek, or 6 years (7 years from 2011) of their second modern language. Italian, Spanish, Russian and Chinese are optional for the last three years.
Additionally, there are many intra- and extra-curricular projects and optional classes. The aim of the Akademisches Gymnasium is to give pupils a broad but solid general education, preparing them for study at university.
The school's main difficulty is lack of space. The landmark building cannot be enlarged, so there is not enough room to offer a place to all of the large number of applicants.
Notable alumni
Kurt Adler, chorus master and conductor (1943-1973) of the Metropolitan Opera New York City, New York (United States)
Ludwig Adamovich Jr., President of the Austrian Constitutional Court
Peter Altenberg, "Kaffeehaus writer"
Richard Beer-Hofmann, writer
Baron Max Wladimir von Beck, Minister-President of Austria
Christian Broda, federal minister of justice
Ignaz Franz Castelli (1781–1862), writer
Thomas Chorherr, journalist, editor-in-chief of Die Presse
Robert Danneberg, politician
Paul Edwards, philosopher
Paul Ehrenfest, physicist and mathematician
Caspar Einem, federal minister of internal affairs and transport
Paul Chaim Eisenberg, chief rabbi of Vienna
Cajetan von Felder, mayor of Vienna
Leopold Fischer, aka Agehananda Bharati (1923–1991), academic Sanskritist, Hindu monk, and professor of anthropology at Syracuse University
Wolfgang Glück, film director
Raimund Grübl, mayor of Vienna
Karl Samuel Grünhut, jurist
Paul Gulda, pianist
Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger (1795–1871), geologist
Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria
Martin Haselböck, organist
Friedrich Heer, writer, historian
Hugo von Hofmannsthal, playwright
Karl Kautsky, philosopher, Marxist theoretician
Hans Kelsen, constitutional lawyer, author of the Constitution of Austria
Walter Kohn, physicist, Nobel laureate for chemistry in 1998
Stanislaus Kostka (1550–1568), Catholic saint
Joseph Kupelwieser (1791–1866), theatre director and libretist
Leopold Kupelwieser (1796–1862), painter
Markus Kupferblum, theatre and opera director
Paul Lazarsfeld, sociologist
Robert von Lieben, physicist
Felix von Luschan, doctor, anthropologist, explorer, archaeologist and ethnographer
Titu Maiorescu, Prime Minister of Romania
Miki Malör, theatre and performance artist
Paulus Manker, actor and film director
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, founder and first President of Czechoslovakia
Alexius Meinong, philosopher
Lise Meitner, physicist
Ludwig von Mises, economist
Richard von Mises, mathematician, early member of the Vienna Circle
Johann Nestroy, actor, playwright, poet
Ignaz von Plener, politician, minister and Minister-President of Austria, Cisleithania
Johann Nepomuk Prix, mayor of Vienna
Doron Rabinovici, writer
Joseph Othmar von Rauscher (1797–1875), archbishop of Vienna
Elise Richter, philologist
Erwin Ringel, physician, psychologist
Arthur Schnitzler, playwright, physician
Erwin Schrödinger, physicist, Nobel laureate for physics in 1933
Franz Schubert (1797–1828), composer
Johann Carl Smirsch (1793–1869), painter
Eduard Strauss, composer
Franz, Prince of Thun and Hohenstein, governor of Bohemia, Minister-President of Austria
Milan Turković, bassoonist and conductor
Oliver Vitouch, rector of the University of Klagenfurt and president of Universities Austria
Otto Wagner, architect
See also
List of Jesuit educational institutions
References
Further reading
Akademisches Gymnasium. Wien 1, Beethovenplatz 1. In: Peter Haiko, Renata Kassal-Mikula: Friedrich von Schmidt. (1825–1891). Ein gotischer Rationalist (= Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien. Sonderausstellung 148). Museen der Stadt Wien, Wien 1991, ISBN 3-85202-102-2, S. 86–89.
Felix Czeike: Historisches Lexikon Wien. Volume 2. Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau, Wien 1993, ISBN 3-218-00544-2, p. 649.
Robert Winter: Das Akademische Gymnasium in Wien. Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Böhlau, Wien 1996, ISBN 3-205-98485-4.
Festschrift zum 450. Jubiläum der Schulgründung, Akademisches Gymnasium Wien
Year books
External links
Akademisches Gymnasium Wien
Akademisches Gymnasium (Vienna) in Austria-Forum (in German) (at AEIOU)
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Hans Kelsen
- Lise Meitner
- Erwin Schrödinger
- Bernd Michael Rode
- Akademisches Gymnasium (Vienna)
- Franz von Schober
- List of oldest schools
- Kurt Adler
- List of schools in Austria
- David Ernst Oppenheim
- Grete L. Bibring
- Alexius Meinong
- Raimund Grübl
- Oliver Vitouch
The Living Daylights (1987)
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