• Source: AKR1C4

Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4, also known as 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (3α-HSD1), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR1C4 gene. It is known to be necessary for the synthesis of the endogenous neurosteroids allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and 3α-androstanediol. It is also known to catalyze the reversible conversion of 3α-androstanediol (5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one) and vice versa.




Function


This gene encodes a member of the aldo/keto reductase superfamily, which consists of more than 40 known enzymes and proteins. These enzymes catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols by utilizing NADH and/or NADPH as cofactors. The enzymes display overlapping but distinct substrate specificity. This enzyme catalyzes the bioreduction of chlordecone, a toxic organochlorine pesticide, to chlordecone alcohol in liver. This gene shares high sequence identity with three other gene members and is clustered with those three genes at 10p15-p14 on chromosome 10.




Clinical significance


Various antidepressants, including the SSRIs fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and paroxetine, the SNRI venlafaxine, and mirtazapine, have been found to activate certain isoforms of the 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, resulting in a selective facilitation of 5α-dihydroprogesterone conversion into allopregnanolone. This action has been implicated in their effectiveness in affective disorders, and has resulted in them being described as selective brain steroidogenic stimulants (SBSSs).




Isozymes






See also


Steroidogenic enzyme
3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase




References






Further reading






External links


Human AKR1C4 genome location and AKR1C4 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Daftar gen penyandi protein pada manusia/1
• AKR1C4
• 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
• 5α-Dihydroprogesterone
• Androgen backdoor pathway
• AKR1
• List of human protein-coding genes 1
• AKR1C2
• AKR1C3
• 5α-Pregnane-3α,17α-diol-20-one
• AKR1C1