- Source: Artesian well
An artesian well is a well that brings groundwater to the surface without pumping because it is under pressure within a body of rock and/or sediment known as an aquifer. When trapped water in an aquifer is surrounded by layers of impermeable rock or clay, which apply positive pressure to the water, it is known as an artesian aquifer. If a well were to be sunk into an artesian aquifer, water in the well-pipe would rise to a height corresponding to the point where hydrostatic equilibrium is reached.
A well drilled into such an aquifer is called an artesian well. If water reaches the ground surface under the natural pressure of the aquifer, the well is termed a flowing artesian well.
Fossil water aquifers can also be artesian if they are under sufficient pressure from the surrounding rocks, similar to how many newly tapped oil wells are pressurized.
Not all aquifers are artesian (i.e., water table aquifers occur where the groundwater level at the top of the aquifer is at equilibrium with atmospheric pressure). Aquifers recharge when the water table at its recharge zone is at a higher elevation than the head of the well.
History
The first mechanically accurate explanation for artesian wells was given by Al-Biruni. Artesian wells were named after Artois in France, where many artesian wells were drilled by Carthusian monks from 1126.
See also
Fluid mechanics
Great Artesian Basin
Hydrogeology
Qanat
List of artesian wells in the United States
Drilled wells (for bore water mechanics)
References
External links
Video of an artesian aquifer releasing water under its own pressure
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Akuifer artesis
- Daftar bangunan dan struktur kolonial di Jakarta
- Daftar julukan kota di Amerika Serikat
- Artesian well
- Artesian Well Park
- List of artesian wells in the United States
- Well Number 5
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