- Source: Borujerd
Borujerd (Persian: بروجرد; [boɾuːˈdʒeɾd]) is a city in the Central District of Borujerd County, Lorestan province in western Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.
Among the existing modern cities in Iran, Borujerd is one of the oldest reported at least since the 9th century. In Sassanid Empire, Borujerd was a small town and region neighboring Nahavand. Gaining more attention during Great Seljuq Empire in the 9th and 10th centuries, Borujerd stood as an industrial, commercial and strategic city in Zagros Mountains until the 20th century. In its golden ages, Borujerd was selected as the state capital of Lorestan and Khuzestan region during Qajar dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the existence of a large number of production and industrial units and the supply of their products in the domestic and foreign markets, Borujerd is considered the industrial hub of Lorestan province.
Foundation and name
The history of Borujerd before the advent of Islam is not well known. Parthian-era artifacts have been discovered in its environs by non-professional excavators. Moreover, one of Iran's oldest mosques, the Jameh Mosque of Borujerd, was constructed on the remains of a Zoroastrian fire temple. This proves that the region was populated before Islam arrived. The Parthian king Orodes II (r. 57–37 BC) is credited by some academics with laying the city's foundation. They believe that "Borujerd" stems from the Middle Persian word Wurūgird/Wulūgird/Orodhkard, meaning "built by Orodes." Others consider it to have been built by the Sasanian king Peroz I (r. 459–484), arguing that "Piruzgird" was its original name, before being changed into "Burugird", and then later Arabicised into "Burujird".
History
Only from the 9th-century does the name "Borujerd" appear in Islamic chronicles. It first appears in the Kitāb al-buldān of Ibn al-Faqih (fl. 903), and is later reported in various forms, such as "Warukird", "Warugird", "Barugird" and "Barujird".
Esteemed religious institutions operated in Borujerd during the Qajar era, producing two distinguished Shia scholars, Asad Allah Borujerdi (died c. 1854) and Hossein Borujerdi (died 1961).
Demographics
= Language
=The linguistic composition of the city:
= Population
=Borujerd is the 31st largest city in Iran and the 2nd largest in Lorestan [1]. Borujerd is the industrial point of Lorestan. Its historical and cultural background as well as its remarkable nature, has changed it to a tourist destination. The city has been named as Dār-Al-Sorur which means the house of happiness. Borujerd's population was estimated about 20000 in mid-1800s.
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 334,497 in 59,388 households. The following census in 2011 counted 240,654 people in 71,730 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 234,997 people in 74,146 households.
Geography and climate
= Location
=Borujerd city is located approximately 1670 meters above sea level and has a moderate climate with cold winters. The highest point is Garrin Mountain 3623 m above sea level and the lowest area is Gelerood River in South with 1400 m elevation. Borujerd Township has 2600 km2 area with approximately 400,000 inhabitants distributed in the city of Oshtorinan and more than 180 villages. Owing to favorable topographic and climatic conditions, the plains are devoted to cultivation of grain. Wherever irrigation is possible (by means of qanāts, wells, diversion of water of streams), cotton, melons, grapes, and fruit trees (especially almonds) are grown.
Borujerd is located on Silakhor Plain which is the largest agricultural land of Lorestan. The high-elevated Zagros Mountains surrounds it from South East to North West and the peaks are covered with snow most of the times. Rural people work in farms or keep their domestic animals. Other people work in governmental offices, armed forces, factories or small local businesses. The feet of Zagros Mountains is a great destination for nomads and many Lurs and Bakhtiari nomads move there in summer. The area is paved with highways and is a crossroad between Tehran and Khuzestan Province as well as Isfahan Province and Kermanshah Province.
= Climate
=Borujerd's climate is classified as Mediterranean(Köppen: Csa) with dry and very hot summers and cold winters. Most of the precipitation falls in colder months from November to April. Snowfall can be observed in winter, which can sometimes become heavy and cause school closures in the county. Road access to villages can also be disturbed because of snow.
Historical attractions
Jameh Mosque of Borujerd
Soltani Mosque of Borujerd
Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd
Imamzadeh Ghasem, Borujerd
Imamzadeh Ibrahim, Borujerd
Imamzadeh Shahzadeh Abol-Hasan, Borujerd
Imamzadeh Vallian, Borujerd
Imamzadeh Ghasem, Borujerd
Zavvarian Tomb of Borujerd
Ghaleh Hatam Bridge, Borujerd
Chalanchulan Bridge, Borujerd
Ghorogh Hill, Borujerd
Roomian Hill, Borujerd
Bazaar of Borujerd
Parks and natural attractions
Goldasht Valley, Borujerd
Vennaii Village, Borujerd
Chogha Hill of Borujerd
Bishe Dalan Pound, Borujerd
Oshtorankuh, Dorood
Women's Park of Borujerd
Notable people
Hossein Borujerdi, religious leader
Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob, writer and historian
Loris Tjeknavorian, musician
Zahra Rahnavard, artist and politician
Mostafa Abdollahi, director and actor
Jafar Shahidi, historian and bibliographer
Mehrdad Avesta, poet 20th-century
Arvin Moazzami, athlete
Moḥammad Mahdi Baḥr al-Ulūm, mystic
Ahmad Khatami, professor
Ehsan Mohajer Shojaei, athlete
Mahvash, singer, dancer and stage performer
Ehsan Rouzbahani, athlete
Mohammad Boroujerdi, commander
Ali Abdo, athlete
Saman Salur, film director
Reza Beiranvand, athlete
Iraj Rad, actor
Farnaz Esmaeilzadeh, athlete
Mahmoud Saremi, reporter
Abdolmohammad Ayati, author and field of philosophy
Mir Shamsuddin Adib-Soltani, philosopher
Mohammad Hanif, writer
Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast, pharmacologist
Mahmoud Khatami, philosopher
Bahram Ghasemi, diplomat
Asadullah Boroujerdi, prominent
Abolghasem Khazali, shi'i cleric
Farnaz Esmaeilzadeh, speed climber
Shahram Entekhabi, video and installation artist
Salar Abdoh, novelist
Hossein Kazemeyni Boroujerdi, twelver Shi'i
Ahmad Moballeghi, professor
Ehsan Mohajer Shojaei, middle-distance running
Gallery
See also
1909 Borujerd earthquake
2006 Borujerd earthquake
Borujerdi dialect
Media related to Borujerd at Wikimedia Commons
Borujerd travel guide from Wikivoyage
Iran portal
Notes
References
Sources
Mobayyen, Abolhasan (2021). "Burūjird". In Madelung, Wilferd; Daftary, Farhad (eds.). Encyclopaedia Islamica Online. Brill Online. ISSN 1875-9831.
External links
Borujerd Information Portal
Encyclopedia of the Orient Archived 2010-12-16 at the Wayback Machine
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Yahudi Iran
- Nahawand
- AH8
- Provinsi Lorestan
- Dinasti Seljuk
- Yahudi Mizrahi
- Samovar
- Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani
- Mohammad Mofatteh
- Daftar cendekiawan Muslim modern
- Borujerd
- Borujerd County
- Borujerd rug
- Dehgah, Borujerd
- Lorestan province
- Soltani Mosque of Borujerd
- Bardbol
- Judeo-Hamedani–Borujerdi
- Imamzadeh Ja'far, Borujerd
- Mahmud I (Seljuk sultan)
