- Source: Cartography of Palestine
The cartography of the region of Palestine, also known as cartography of the Holy Land and cartography of the Land of Israel, is the creation, editing, processing and printing of maps of the region of Palestine from ancient times until the rise of modern surveying techniques. For several centuries during the Middle Ages it was the most prominent subject in all of cartography, and it has been described as an "obsessive subject of map art".
The history of the mapping of Palestine is dominated by two cartographic traditions: the biblical school and the classical school. The earliest surviving maps of the biblical tradition derive from the attempts of the early Church Fathers to identify and illustrate the primary locations mentioned in the Bible, and to provide maps for Christian pilgrimage. The earliest surviving maps of the classical tradition derive from the scientific and historical works of the Greco-Roman world; the European rediscovery of Ptolemy's works in the 1400s ended the domination of the biblical tradition. Many Graeco-Roman geographers described the Palestine region in their writings; however, there are no surviving pre-modern originals or copies of these maps – illustrations today of maps according to geographers such as Hecataeus, Herodotus or Eratosthenes are modern reconstructions. The earliest surviving classical maps of the region are Byzantine versions of Ptolemy's 4th Asia map. Cartographic history of Palestine thus begins with Ptolemy, whose work was based on that of the local geographer Marinus of Tyre.
The first lists of maps of the region were made in the late 19th century, by Titus Tobler in his 1867 Geographical Bibliography of Palestine and subsequently by Reinhold Röhricht in his 1890 Geographical Library of Palestine. In a series of articles in the Journal of the German Association for the Study of Palestine between 1891 and 1895, Röhricht presented the first detailed analysis of maps of the region in the middle- and the late Middle Ages. They were followed in 1939-40 by Hans Fischer's History of the Cartography of Palestine. This article lists maps that progressed the cartography of region before the rise of modern surveying techniques, showing how mapmaking and surveying improved and helped outsiders to better understand the geography of the area. Imaginary maps and copies of existing maps are excluded.
Notable maps of Palestine
= Early maps (2nd–10th centuries)
== Crusader maps (12th–14th centuries)
== Notable 15th–18th century maps
== Notable 19th century maps
=Modern cartography
Commons:Maps of Palestine from the German Vermessungsabteilung (1918), and Gottlieb Schumacher
Survey of Palestine (1920-48)
Survey of Israel (1948 onwards)
Biblical / imaginary maps
John Speed map of Canaan
Nolin map
See also
Cartography of Jerusalem
Travelogues of Palestine
References
Bibliography
Bartlett, John R. (2009). "Early Printed Maps Of Galilee". In Zuleika Rodgers; Margaret Daly-Denton; Anne Fitzpatrick-McKinley (eds.). A Wandering Galilean: Essays in Honour of Seán Freyne. Brill. pp. 185–204. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004173552.i-622.53. ISBN 978-90-474-2701-8.
Bartlett, John R. (5 July 2017). Mapping Jordan Through Two Millennia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-55927-0.
Fischer, Hans [in German] (1939). "Geschichte Der Kartographie Von Palästina" [History of the Cartography of Palestine (part 1)]. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 62 (4): 169–189. JSTOR 27930237.
—— (1940). "Geschichte Der Kartographie Von Palästina (Fortsetzung Und Schluß)" [History of the Cartography of Palestine (continuation and conclusion)]. Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 63 (1): 1–111. JSTOR 27930252.
Gavish, Dov (2005). "The first maps based on origin surveys". A Survey of Palestine Under the British Mandate, 1920-1948. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-7146-5651-9.
Goren, Haim (2001). "Reviewed Work: Image and Reality: Jerusalem in Maps and Views by Rehav Rubin". Erdkunde. 55 (1): 98–100. JSTOR 25647350.
Goren, Haim (2002). "Sacred, but Not Surveyed: Nineteenth-Century Surveys of Palestine". Imago Mundi. 54: 87–110. doi:10.1080/03085690208592960. JSTOR 1151507. S2CID 140702955.
Harvey, P. D. A. (2012). Medieval Maps of the Holy Land. British Library. ISBN 978-0-7123-5824-8.
Hopkins, I. W. J. “Nineteenth-Century Maps of Palestine: Dual-Purpose Historical Evidence,” Imago Mundi, vol. 22, 1968, pp. 30–36. JSTOR,
Karmon, Yehuda [in Hebrew] (1960). "An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine". Israel Exploration Journal. 10 (3): 155–173. JSTOR 27924824.
Kalner, David [in Hebrew] (1941). "The Development of the Topographical Maping of Palestine / התפתחות המפות הטופוגראפיות של ארץ ישראל". Bulletin of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society / ידיעות החברה העברית לחקירת ארץ-ישראל ועתיקותיה. ט' (א'): 33–38. JSTOR 23724373.
Laor, Eran (1986). Maps of the Holy Land: cartobibliography of printed maps, 1475-1900. A.R. Liss. ISBN 978-0-8451-1705-7.
Levy-Rubin, Milka; Rubin, Rehav (1996). "The Image of the Holy City: Maps and Mapping of Jerusalem". In Nitza Rosovsky (ed.). City of the Great King: Jerusalem from David to the Present. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-36708-1.
Masalha, Nur (2019). Palestine: A Four Thousand Year History. Zed Books, Limited. ISBN 978-1-78699-273-4.
Matar, Nabil I. (2011). "Protestant restorationism and the Ortelian mapping of Palestine". In Mark Vessey; Sharon Betcher; Robert Daum; Harry O. Maier (eds.). The Calling of the Nations: Exegesis, Ethnography, and Empire in a Biblical-Historic Present. University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division. pp. 59–82. ISBN 978-1-4426-5949-0.
Moscrop, John James (1 January 2000). Measuring Jerusalem: The Palestine Exploration Fund and British Interests in the Holy Land. A&C Black. pp. 22–. ISBN 978-0-7185-0220-1.
Nebenzahl, Kenneth (1986). Maps of the Holy Land: Images of Terra Sancta Through Two Millennia. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-0-89659-658-0.
Nissen, Kristian (1956). "Jacob Ziegler's Palestine Schondia Manuscript University Library, Oslo, MS. 917-4". Imago Mundi. 13: 45–52. doi:10.1080/03085695608592125. JSTOR 1150240.
Nordenskiöld, Adolf Erik (1889). Facsimile-atlas to the Early History of Cartography: With Reproductions of the Most Important Maps Printed in the XV and XVI Centuries (Swedish original title: Facsimile atlas till kartografiens äldsta historia). Kraus. pp. 51, 64.
North, Robert Grady (1979). A history of biblical map making. Reichert. ISBN 978-3-88226-042-7.
Preciado, Kathleen (1989). Retaining the original: multiple originals, copies, and reproductions. National Gallery of Art, Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts (U.S.), Johns Hopkins University. ISBN 978-0-89468-113-4.
Röhricht, Reinhold (1890). Bibliotheca Geographica Palaestinae: Chronologisches Verzeichniss der auf die Geographie des Heiligen Landes bezüglichen Literatur ("Geographical Library of Palestine: Chronological Index of Literature relating to the Geography of the Holy Land"). Reuther und Reichard. ISBN 9780790528007.
—— (1891). "Karten und Pläne zur Palästinakunde aus dem 7. bis 16. Jahrhundert". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 14: 8–11, 87–92, 137–141.
—— (1892). "Karten und Pläne zur Palästinakunde aus dem 7. bis 16. Jahrhundert". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 15: 34–39 and 185–188. JSTOR 27928617.
—— (1895). "Karten und Pläne zur Palästinakunde aus dem 7. bis 16. Jahrhundert". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 18: 173–182.
—— (1898). "Marino Sanudo sen. als Kartograph Palästinas". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 21: 84–126.
—— (1901). "Die Palästinakarte Bernhard von Breitenbach's". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 24: 129–135.
—— (1904). "Die Palästinakarte des William Wey". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 27: 188–193.
Rubin, Rehav (22 May 2018). Portraying the Land: Hebrew Maps of the Land of Israel from Rashi to the Early 20th Century. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-057065-6.
Schelhaas, Bruno; Faehndrich, Jutta; Goren, Haim (28 February 2017). Mapping the Holy Land: The Foundation of a Scientific Cartography of Palestine. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85772-785-5.
Tamari, Salim (22 August 2017). The Great War and the Remaking of Palestine. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-29125-6.
Tishby, Ariel (2001). Holy Land in Maps. Israel Museum. ISBN 978-0-8478-2412-0.
Tobler, Titus (1867). Bibliographia Geographica Palaestinae. Zunächst Kristiche Übersicht Gedruckter und Ungedruckter Beschreibungen der Reisen ins Heilige Land ("Geographical Bibliography of Palestine. The First Critical Overview of Printed and Unprinted Descriptions of Travels to the Holy Land").
Wajntraub, Eva; Wajntraub, Gimpel (1992). Hebrew Maps of the Holy Land. Brüder Hollinek. ISBN 978-3-85119-248-3.
Wood, Denis (16 April 2010). "Mapmaking, Counter-Mapping, and Map Art in the Mapping of Palestine". Rethinking the Power of Maps. Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-60623-708-3.
External links
Media related to Old maps of Palestine at Wikimedia Commons
Google Arts & Culture, Maps of the Holy Land and Jerusalem
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
- Kemutasarifan Yerusalem
- Cartography of Palestine
- Palestine (region)
- Cartography of Jerusalem
- PEF Survey of Palestine
- Outline of cartography
- Cartography of Israel
- 1840–41 Royal Engineers maps of Palestine, Lebanon and Syria
- Timeline of the name Palestine
- Survey of Palestine
- Israeli–Palestinian conflict