• Source: Central Russian dialects

The Central or Middle Russian dialects (Russian: Среднерусские говоры) is one of the main groups of Russian dialects. Of Northern Russian origin, it has nonetheless assumed many Southern Russian features.
The official dialect (Standard Russian) originates from a dialect from this group.




Territory


The territory of the primary formation (e.g. that consist of "Old" Russia of the 16th century before Eastern conquests by Ivan IV) is fully or partially modern regions (oblasts): Moscow, Tver, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Pskov, Novgorod, Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl (in Rostov), Ryazan (in Kasimov) and the enclave of Chukhloma.
The territory of the second formation (e.g. where Russians settled after the 16th century) consist of most of the land to the South-East of Moscow, that is the middle and lower Volga, Ural as well as Siberia and Far East. It also includes Saint-Petersburg, whose dialect is fairly close to Standard Russian.




Features


Central Russian is a transitional stage between the North and the South, so some of its dialects closer to the North have northern features, and those closer to the South have the southern ones.




Classification


There are two types of internal differentiation of Central Russian dialects, the first is based on the methods of linguistic geography (areal classification), the second is based on typological patterns (structural-typological classification)
The most well known and widespread are areal classification.
The main groups in the Central Russian dialects:

Pskov group of dialects
Western group of dialects
Eastern group of dialects
Pskov group is transitional to the dialects of the Belarus.




See also


Northern Russian dialects
Southern Russian dialects
Old Novgorod dialect
Vowel reduction in Russian




Notes






References


Crosswhite, Katherine Margaret (2000), "Vowel Reduction in Russian: A Unified Account of Standard, Dialectal, and 'Dissimilative' Patterns" (PDF), University of Rochester Working Papers in the Language Sciences, 1 (1): 107–172, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-06
Sussex, Roland; Cubberley, Paul (2006). "Dialects of Russian". The Slavic languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 521–526. ISBN 978-0-521-22315-7.




External links


R. Ronko, E. Volf, M. Grebenkina, M. Ershova, A. Okhapkina, A. Hadasevich, V. Morozova. Opochka Dialect Corpus. 2019 Moscow: Linguistic Convergence Laboratory, NRU HSE; Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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