• Source: Clericalism in Iran

Islamic Clericalism in Iran has a long history and had a remarkable impact on Iranian society, politics as well as on Islamic theology.




Emergence


There are controversies about the emergence of clericalism in Iran. Some scholars believe that clericalism dates back to 1000 years ago.




Schools



Shia:

Najaf seminaries
Qom seminaries
Mashhad Seminaries
Sunni:

Zahedan seminaries
Structure and functions:
Over the course of history, Iranian seminaries have had traditional functions in the religious sphere to provide support to civil society in the country. However, after the Iranian revolution in 1979, seminaries have been highly politicized and their independence greatly reduced. The revolution created a new political order based on Shiite theological foundations and the absolute ruling power was given to a Shiite jurist/cleric.
The history of Qom seminaries dates back to 3rd century (Hijri). Hossein Ibn Said Ahvazi, a famous theologian, moved from Kufa to Qom. He educated the first generation of clerics in Qom.




Impact on the economy


Many clerics have been involved in high-profile economic activities, most notably Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Abbas Vaez-Tabasi and Nasser Makarem Shirazi.




Impact on Iranian politics


Clerics involved in politics during Safavid and Qajar era
Allameh Majlesi
Mirza Shirazi
Seyyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi (Afghan)
Clerics involved in the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
Seyyed Mohammad Tabataba'i
Seyyed Abdollah Behbehani
Sheikh Mohammad Khiabani
Mohammad Kazem Khorasani
Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri (against the Constitutional Revolution)
Mohammed Kazem Yazdi (against the Constitutional Revolution)
Influential Clerics of the Pahlavi era
Seyyed Hassan Modarres
Seyyed Abolghasem Kashani
Navvab Safavi
Sheikh Mohammad Taghi Falsafi

Clerics involved in the Iranian Revolution
Ruhollah Khomeini
Hosseinali Montazeri
Morteza Motahhari
Mohammad Beheshti
Clerics acting as high officials

Ali Khamenei
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Mohammad Khatami
Hassan Rouhani
Mohammad Yazdi
Ali Meshkini
Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi
Ahmad Jannati
Mehdi Karroubi
Ebrahim Raisi
Ahmad Khatami
Sadeq Larijani
Political parties founded by clerics
Association of Combatant Clerics
Combatant Clergy Association
Institutions exclusively associated with clerics
Special Clerical Court




Impact on other societies


Ali Sistani




See also


Islam in Iran




References






External links


History of Qom seminaries (in Persian)
Organization of Shafei Sunni Clericalism in Iran (in Persian)
Organization of Hanafi Sunni Clericalism in Iran (in Persian)

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Clericalism in Iran
• Clericalism
• Ayatollah
• Association of Combatant Clerics
• Islam in Iran
• Anti-clericalism
• Marriage in Iran
• Mojtaba Khamenei
• Javad Khamenei
• Seghatoleslam