• Source: Favorlang language

Favorlang is an extinct Formosan language closely related to Babuza. Although Favorlang is considered by Taiwanese linguist Paul Jen-kuei Li to be a separate language, it is nevertheless very closely related to Babuza. In fact, the name Favorlang is derived from Babuza. Alternatively, Favorlang may also have represented a dialect of Babuza at an earlier stage, since Favorlang was documented in the mid-17th century, while Babuza was documented only around the turn of the 20th century by Japanese linguists.




Phonology


Favorlang has gone through the following sound changes. Except for the *t, *s, *Z > /t/ merger, all of these sound changes are shared by the five Western Plains languages Taokas, Babuza, Papora, Hoanya, and Thao.

Merger of PAn *n and *ŋ as /n/
Merger of *t, *s, *Z as /t/
Merger of *N and *S1 as /s/
Complete loss of *k, *q, *H
Partial loss of *R, *j, including the loss of final *-y and *-w
*s (in initial and medial positions) > /t/




Sources


Favorlang data sources are:

Happart, Gilbertus (1650). Woorden boek der Favorlangsche Taal [Favorlang Vocabulary] (in Dutch). Later translated into English:
Happart, Gilbertus (1840) [1650]. Written at Batavia. Dictionary of the Favorlang Dialect of the Formosan language. Translated by Medhurst, W. H. Parapattan.
5 sermons and various prayers, questions, and answers on Christianity by Jacobus Vertrecht (1647–1651), a Dutch pastor
Word lists collected by Naoyoshi Ogawa in the early 1900s (unpublished manuscripts dated 1900, 1901, and 1930; others are undated)
Notebooks 1, 2, 3, and 5, now kept by ILCAA (Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa) and TUFS (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) – call number "OA052"
Notebook 4, now kept at the Anthropological Institute, Nanzan University – call number "v. 1-2-1"




Syntax


Case markers include:

ja 'nominative marker'
ta 'personal name marker'
o, no 'oblique (genitive and accusative, common noun)'
i 'oblique (personal noun)'
de 'locative'
i 'directional'
Agent-focus verbal affixes include:

Agent-focus
-um- ~ -umm- (after consonant-initial verb stems) or um- ~ umm- (before vowel-initial verb stem except i-)
-im-, -em- (lexically conditioned)
m-
p-
Past tense (AF)
-in-umm-, in-umm
m-in-
-in-
Future tense (AF)
Reduplication of the first stem syllable
Imperative (AF)
-a
Non-agent-focus verbal affixes are:

-an 'locative focus'
-en, -in, -n 'patient focus'
ipa- ... -a 'imperative (non-agent-focus)'
-in-, in- 'past tense (non-agent-focus)'
ino- 'future tense (non-agent-focus)'
When -in- and -umm- appear together in a word, -in- usually precedes -um- ~ -umm-, as in Ilokano, Bontok, and some Dusunic languages in Sabah (Rungus Dusun and Kimaragang Dusun). Occasionally, -umm- precedes -in- in several Favorlang lexical forms, but this is not very common.




Pronouns


All of the following personal pronouns are free forms. All genitive pronouns end with -a.




Examples



The Lord's Prayer
Namoa tamau tamasea paḡa de boesum,
Ipádassa joa naan.
Ipáṣaija joa chachimit o ai.
Ipa-i-jorr'o oa airab maibas de boesum, masini de ta channumma.
Epé-e namo-no pia-dai torro uppo ma-atsikap.
Ṣo-o abó-e namo tataap o kakossi namoa,
maibas channumma namo mabo tamasea parapies i namo.
Hai pásabas i namo, ṣo-o barra'i namo innai rapies ai.
Inau joa micho chachimit o ai, ṣo-o barr'o ai, ṣo-o adas ai, taulaulan,
Amen.




References






Bibliography

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Bahasa Favorlang
• Bahasa Babuza
• Bahasa Proto-Austronesia
• Rumpun bahasa Formosa
• Bahasa Siraya
• Imbuhan fosil dalam bahasa Austronesia
• Favorlang language
• Austronesian languages
• Babuza language
• Formosan languages
• Huwei, Yunlin
• Gilbertus Happart
• List of languages by time of extinction
• Proto-Austronesian language
• Siraya language
• Sinkang Manuscripts