• Source: Flute Sonata in E major, BWV 1035

The Sonata in E major for flute and basso continuo (BWV 1035) is a sonata for transverse flute and figured bass composed by J. S. Bach in the 1740s. It was written as the result of a visit in 1741 to the court of Frederick the Great in Potsdam, where Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel had been appointed principal harpsichordist to the king the previous year. It was dedicated to Michael Gabriel Fredersdorf, the king's valet and private secretary, who, like the king, was an amateur flautist.




Origins and musical structure



The surviving nineteenth-century sources for the sonata carry dedications to Frederick the Great's private secretary, Michael Gabriel Fredersdorf: one of the earliest hand copies of BWV 1035 is annotated "after the autograph by the composer, which was written anno 17-, when he was at Potsdam, for privy chamberlain Fredersdorf." Fredersdorf had been taught to play the flute by his father, a Stadtpfeifer in Frankfurt. He acted as an intermediary with the Dresden flautist-composer Joachim Quantz, who not only composed for Frederick but also gave him lessons and supplied him with instruments. When Frederick became king in 1740, he appointed Bach's son Carl Philipp Emanuel as the principal court harpsichordist. One and a half year's later in December 1741, Quantz also joined the court where he served as composer and flute teacher until the end of his career. Before that, in the summer of 1741 Bach made his first visit to Berlin, staying near the royal palace on Unter den Linden with his friend Georg Ernst Stahl, a court doctor. As his correspondence with his family in Leipzig shows, on this first visit Bach did not have an official audience with the king, but—in view of the dedication—must have conferred with Fredersdorf.




= Movements

=
Adagio ma non tanto, E major
Allegro, 24 E major
Siciliano, 68 C♯ minor
Allegro assai, 34 E major
The opening movement, Adagio ma non tanto, contains many expressive and elaborate baroque ornaments including the king's favourite "tierces ornées"—intermediate notes added to a falling third, creating a sighing Affekt. As Oleskiewicz (1999, p. 95) comments, this was probably the only time Bach used ornamentation of this kind.

The alternation of the semidemiquaver melismas with the semiquaver triplet passages along with the passages of coupled semiquaver figures are also typical of Bach's Leipzig style. Likewise the dancelike Allegro in a lively 24 time signature follows the pattern of his Leipzig works, an acquiescence to the galant style so popular at the time. In the slow Siciliano, the opening theme of the flute is taken up in canon a bar later in the bass line. The movement itself is in the key of C♯ minor, but modulates through many keys before returning to the original key. The last Allegro assai also has galant elements, with its binary form—like the second and third movements—and its quirky dancelike rhythms. Both fast movements contain trills and brilliant semiquaver passagework. Eppstein (1972, p. 15, 23) has suggested that BWV 1035 can be considered as a sonata da camera, with the first movement playing the role of a prelude and the subsequent binary movements corresponding to dances. He has proposed that the fast movements correspond to specific dance forms: the second movement to a rigaudon, a French dance appearing for example in the fourth of François Couperin's Concerts Royaux (1722); and the fourth movement to a spritely polonaise. The third slow movement, as indicated in the score, is a siciliano.




Arrangements and transcriptions


Transcription in F major for alto recorder and harpsichord, published by Schott, Heinrichshofen's Verlag, Universal and Dowani International (with a practice CD).
Transcription in C major for oboe and harpsichord by Gonzalo X. Ruiz, 2005.
Arrangement for flute and guitar by Michael Langer, Doblinger, 1997.




Selected recordings



The sonata was written for transverse flute and continuo, but has been arranged for other instruments (see above). The sonata, and its transposed version in F major for alto recorder, are part of the standard examination repertoire for the ABRSM and other national examining boards.
Figured bass on harpsichord

Jean-Pierre Rampal and Robert Veyron-Lacroix (harpsichord) Erato, 1973 (there are many recordings from the period 1950–1981).
Elaine Shaffer, Ambrose Gauntlett (viola da gamba), George Malcolm (harpsichord), Angel
Maxence Larrieu, Rafael Puyana (harpsichord), Wieland Kuijken (viola da gamba), Philips, 1967.
Peter-Lukas Graf, Manfred Sax (bassoon), Jörg Ewald Dähler (harpsichord), Claves, 1968.
Peter-Lukas Graf, Johannes Koch (viola da gamba) and Henriette Barbe (harpsichord), Jecklin, 1984.
Frans Brüggen, Anner Bylsma (cello), Gustav Leonhardt (harpsichord), Pro-Arte, 1986.
Marc Beaucoudray, William Christie (harpsichord), Harmonia Mundi, 1982.
Aurèle Nicolet, Mari Fujiwara (harpsichord), Denon, 1992.
Ashley Solomon, Terence Charlston (harpsichord), Channel Classics, 2000.
Barthold Kuijken, Ewald Demeyere (harpsichord), Accent, 2003.
Emmanuel Pahud, Trevor Pinnock (harpsichord), Warner Classics, 2008.
James Galway, Sarah Cunningham (viola da gamba), Philip Moll (harpsichord), Sony Classical, 2009.
Rachel Brown, Katherine Sharman (cello), Laurence Cummings (harpsichord), Uppernote, 2016.
Figured bass on fortepiano

Christopher Krueger, Laura Jeppesen (viola da gamba), John Gibbons (fortepiano), Centaur Records, 1997.
Susan Rotholz, Kenneth Cooper (fortepiano), Bridge Records, 2002.
Figured bass on lute

Lisa Beznosiuk, Richard Tunnicliffe (cello) and Elizabeth Kenny (lute), Hyperion, 2002.
Piano accompaniment

Georges Laurent, Harry Cumpson (piano), Columbia [between 1933 and 1936, one of the earliest recordings of the work]
Peter-Lukas Graf, Aglaia Graf (piano), Claves, 2005.
Andrea Oliva, Angela Hewitt (piano) Hyperion, 2013.
Guitar accompaniment

Gary Schocker, Jason Vieaux (guitar), Azica, 2004.
Marina Piccinini, João Luiz & Douglas Lora (guitars), Avie, 2010.
Transcriptions

Marion Verbruggen (alto recorder), Christina Mahler (cello), John Gibbons (harpsichord), Titanic, 1988.
Michala Petri (alto recorder), Keith Jarrett (harpsichord), RCA, 1992.
Hugo Reyne (alto recorder), Emmanuelle Guiges (viola da gamba), Pierre Hantaï (harpsichord), Mirare, 2009.
Gonzalo X. Ruiz (baroque oboe), Joanna Blendulf (cello), Katherine Shao (harpsichord), J. S. Bach, Transcriptions for Baroque Oboe, La Riche & Co, 2005.
Arrangements

Eric Ruske (horn), Pedja Muzijevic (piano), The Classic Horn – World Premiere Transcriptions, Albany Records, 2003
Eugene Rousseau (saxophone), Hans Graf (piano), Saxophone Colors, Delos Records, 1992




Notes






References


Published editions

Bach, J. S. (1978), Hans Eppstein (ed.), Flute Sonatas, Volume I (The four authentic Sonatas – with Violoncello part) (PDF) (Urtext ed.), Henle-Verlag, ISMN 979-0-2018-0269-5
Bach, J. S. (1992), Barthold Kuijken (ed.), Sonata for Flute and Basso Continuo in E major, BWV 1035, Wiesbaden: Breitkopf
Bach, J. S. (2002), Hans-Peter Schmitz; Ulrich Leisinger (eds.), Four Sonatas: BWV 1034–1035 for Flute and Basso continuo. BWV 1030, 1032 for Flute and obbligato Cembalo (Urtext ed.), Bärenreiter
Bach, J. S. (1992b), Ute Deussen (ed.), Sonata for Treble Recorder and Basso Continuo in F major, after BWV 1035 (transcription, realisation of figured bass by Siegfried Petrenz), Vienna: Universal Edition, ISBN 978-3-7024-1198-5
Bach, J. S. (1954), Dom Gregory Murray (ed.), Sonata for Treble Recorder and Piano or Harpsichord in F major, after BWV 1035, Schott
Bach, J. S. (1986), Martin Nitz (ed.), Drei sonaten für Altbockflöte und Basso continuo, BWV 1033–1035, Heinrichshofen's Verlag
Bach, J. S. (1954b), Louis Moyse (ed.), Sonatas for flute and piano, Vol. II, G. Schirmer
Bach, J. S. (1997), Konrad Hampe (ed.), Sonatas for Flute and Harpsichord (Urtext), C. F. Peters, ISMN 979-0014106645
Bach, J. S. (2006), Manfredo Zimmermann (ed.), Sonata for Treble (Alto) Recorder and Basso continuo in F major (based on the Sonata for Flauto Traverso in E major, BWV 1035), Liechtenstein: Dowani International, ISBN 3905477335
Books and journal articles

Eppstein, Hans (1972), "Über J. S. Bachs Flötensonaten mit Generalbass", Bach-Jahrbuch, 58: 12–23, doi:10.13141/bjb.v19721958
Jones, Richard D. P. (2013), The Creative Development of Johann Sebastian Bach, Volume II: 1717–1750: Music to Delight the Spirit, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199696284
Marshall, Robert L. (1978), "J. S. Bach's Compositions for Solo Flute: A Reconsideration of Their Authenticity and Chronology", Journal of the American Musicological Society, 32 (3): 463–98, doi:10.1525/jams.1979.32.3.03a00050, JSTOR 831251
Oleskiewicz, Mary (1999). "The Trio in Bach's Musical Offering: A Salute to Frederick's Tastes and Quantz's Flutes?". In Schulenberg, David (ed.). The Music of J. S. Bach: Analysis and Interpretation. Bach Perspectives. Vol. 4. University of Nebraska Press. pp. 79–110. ISBN 9780803210516.
Powell, Ardal (2002), The Flute, Yale University Press, ISBN 9780300094985
Wolff, Christoph (1985). "Bach's Leipzig Chamber Music". Early Music. 13 (2). Oxford University Press: 165–175. doi:10.1093/earlyj/13.2.165.
Wolff, Christoph (1994), "Bach's Leipzig Chamber Music", Bach: Essays on His Life and Work, Harvard University Press, p. 263, ISBN 0674059263 (also a reprint of a 1985 publication in Early Music)
Wolff, Christoph (2002). Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-924884-2.




Further reading


Ericsson, Lena Weman (2008). '...the world in a skater's silence before Bach,' Historically Informed Performance in the Perspective of Contextual Musical Ontology, Illustrated through a Case Study of Sonata in E major, BWV 1035, by J. S. Bach (PDF) (PhD diss.). Luleå University of Technology. Retrieved 12 September 2016. (translated from the Swedish by Joel Speerstra)
Zohn, Steven (2013), "Bach: Chamber Music", in Murray Steib (ed.), Reader's Guide to Music: History, Theory and Criticism, Routledge, pp. 39–41, ISBN 978-1135942625




External links


Sonatas for Flute and Basso Continuo, BWV 1033-1035: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Flute Sonata in E major, BWV 1035
• Flute Sonata in C major, BWV 1033
• Sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord (Bach)
• Sonata in G major for two flutes and basso continuo, BWV 1039
• List of compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
• Flute sonata
• Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis
• Sonata
• Brandenburg Concertos
• List of recorder music