• Source: Gaoyou

Gaoyou (simplified Chinese: 高邮; traditional Chinese: 高郵; pinyin: Gāoyóu), is a county-level city under the administration of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China, located in the Yangtze River Delta on the north side of the Yangtze River.




History


Recent archaeological finds at the Longqiuzhuang site in Gaoyou has found evidence of rice growing dating back 5,500-7,000 years. Gaoyou ting (commune, 亭) located in this area was established in Qin dynasty. Then Gaoyou county whose seat was the former commune was established in BC 118.
In 1353, Zhang Shicheng revolted and captured the walled city of Gaoyou. In the next year, Zhang established Kingdom of Dazhou, while Gaoyou functioned as its temporary capital until 1356. Later, the city withstood the siege led by Toqto'a, since the complicated politics severely reduced the cohesion of the Yuan army. At that time, it was one of the 46 important mail posts along the Grand Canal between Beijing and Nanjing. It was in use until the 1911 Revolution.
On 2 October 1939, the Japanese army captured the walled city. Three months after Japan's unconditional surrender on August 15, 1945, Gaoyou Japanese and fake troops, surrounded by the military and civilians in the liberated areas, resisted and refused to lay down their arms. At this time, there were two brigades and one artillery squadron of the 90th Independent Mixed Brigade of the Japanese Army stationed in Gaoyou city, with more than 1,100 men, as well as the 42nd Division of the False Second Front Army and the False County Security Brigade and Police Brigade with more than 5,000 men. In order to crush the plot of the Kuomintang army to collude with the Japanese and fake troops in Gaoyou to divide and attack the Central China Liberation Area, the Central Military Commission agreed on December 5 to launch the Battle of Gaoyou and seize Gaoyou City. The Battle of Gaoyou destroyed more than 1,100 Japanese troops, including 892 prisoners; destroyed more than 4,000 pseudo-army, including 3,493 prisoners; captured more than 80 artillery pieces and 6,000 guns. The Battle of Gaoyou was the last battle of the New Fourth Army against the Japanese invasion of China, and the last battle against the Japanese in Central China, ending with the surrender of the Japanese and the complete victory of the New Fourth Army. On 19 January 1949, the CPC controlled the walled city. The former site where the invading Japanese army surrendered to the New Fourth Army has been announced by the State Council as the second batch of 100 national anti-war memorial facilities and sites.
The profound history and culture of Gaoyou fostered Qin Shaoyou, the well-known poet in the Song dynasty, Wang Nianshun and Wang Yinzhi (father and son), the celebrated classics interpreters in the Qing dynasty, Sun Yunzhu, the modern paleontologist and Wang Zengqi, the contemporary writer. Gaoyou is also the hometown of the infamous Wu Sangui.
A total of about 200,000 people drowned in their sleep in Gaoyou alone due to the devastating flooding of 1931. Gaoyou was the most badly affected place during the floods.
More than 30,000 people starved to death in Gaoyou county during the great famine, of which more than 10,000 were children.




Administration divisions



At present, Gaoyou City has 2 subdistricts, 10 towns and 1 ethnic township.




Geography and Climate



The name of Gaoyou comes from the building of Gaotai and Posting Pavilion during the reign of King Yingzheng of Qin dynasty. It is adjacent to Yangzhou in the south, to the Huai River in the north, to the canal and Gaoyou Lake in the west, and to the water network of the Lixia River in the east, and is a military town on the canal line and the gateway to the two Huai River.
Now, Gaoyou is located in the central part of Jiangsu Province, which is also part of Yangtze River Delta. It borders Baoying and Jinhu to the north, Jiangdu to the south and Xinghua to east. There are over twenty townships, Lingtang Hui Ethnic Township is the only Minority Township in the province. The population in this county is approximately eighty-three thousand. The total area is 1963 square kilometres with 1175 square kilometres of land area and 788 square kilometres of water surface area. Gaoyou is a plain region which full of rivers and lakes. Gaoyou Lake is the third largest lake in Jiangsu, which closes to The Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou. Geographical location provides important water resources and rich aquatic products for this county.
Gaoyou is located at 32.79 degrees north latitude and 119.44 degrees east longitude. It belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. The hottest in July is around 27.6 °C (81.7 °F) while the coldest in January is about 1.7 °C (35.1 °F). The average annual temperature is 15.0 °C (59.0 °F). The wet-season is from mid June to July and the average annual rainfall is about 1,000 mm (39 in). The average annual relative humidity is 67%, at the meantime, the frost-free season is more than 200 days. Gaoyou has the characteristics of mild climate, adequate rainfall, four distinctive seasons, sufficient sunshine and long frost free period. Unfortunately, Jiangsu province and Gaoyou in particular is China's "tornado hometown" and its climate and environment make the area highly susceptible to tornadoes such as an EF4 in 2016.




Economy


Gaoyou was dependent on its agriculture and aquaculture sections financially. Primary agricultural products include rapeseed, rice, wheat, poultry and eggs. A variety of aquatic products contain fish, crab and shrimp. The environment in this county has been well protected by the government. The local government has closed many factories in order to protect the lakes.




Food


Gaoyou is famous for its salted duck eggs.




Transport






= Roads

=



Expressways

G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway. It passes just to the east of the city.



National Highway

China National Highway 233




= Railway

=
The city is served by Gaoyou railway station and Gaoyou North railway station (located at Jieshou) on the Lianyungang–Zhenjiang high-speed railway.




References






External links



Gaoyou Information Website
Gaoyou City English guide
(in English and Chinese) "Illustrated Album of Yangzhou Prefecture", from 1573 to 1620, has illustrations of Gaoyou
• Source: Gao You

Gao You (c. 168–212) was a Chinese historian, philosopher, and politician during the Eastern Han dynasty under its last emperor and the warlord Cao Cao.




Life



Gao You was born in Zhuo Commandery (涿郡, Zhuōjùn; present-day Zhuozhou, Hebei) around AD 168. He studied with one of the area's preëminent scholars at the time, Lu Zhi. Lu was known for his work with texts concerning Chinese rituals and for his assistance in compiling the History of the Eastern Han (t 東觀漢記, s 东观汉记, Dōngguān Hànjì). His other students included Liu Bei, the future king of Shu, and Gongsun Zan, another regional warlord of the era. Gao's schooling was interrupted by the Yellow Turban Rebellion in AD 184.
Gao was working in Xuchang in the Capital Construction Office in AD 205 when he received his first post as magistrate of Puyang in the Eastern Commandery (t 東郡, s 东郡, Dōngjùn). This was about 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) south of the location of the present county-level city of Puyang in Henan. He later held some other mid-level appointments under Cao Cao, who ruled northern China in the name of the Han emperor until his death in 220.
Gao died in AD 212.




Works


Gao's work dates mostly to the Jian'an Era (AD 196–220) of the Xian Emperor, the last emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty. Gao wrote commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals ordered by Lü Buwei; the Classics of Filial Piety and of Mountains and Seas; the Huainanzi; The Strategies of the Warring States; Discourse Weighed in the Balance; and the collected works of the philosopher Mencius.
Gao began his Notes on the Huainanzi (《淮南子注》, Huáinánzi Zhù) while studying under Lu and then completed his full commentary in AD 212. The Huainanzi had become important by his time because it was used to "verify" or "test" the genuineness of editions and commentaries of other classics. Charles Le Blanc (1935) argues that the phrasing of Gao's preface to his edition of the Huainanzi indicates that still had notes from his former teacher to consult; he also argues that Gao's commentary presumably incorporates the highlights of the otherwise lost work by Lu's own teacher Ma Rong.
By the time he finished his work on the Huainanzi, Gao had also already completed his notes on the Classic of Filial Piety and the collected works of Mencius. The latter is now lost.
Gao wrote his commentary on Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals next, presumably under the influence of Lu's own work on that text. Most of his preface consists of a biography of its chief editor, the Qin chancellor Lü Buwei. This account mostly repeats the biography of Lü found in Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian. He defends the work's importance—equating it to Liu An's Huainanzi, Yang Xiong's Model Sayings, and the collected works of Xun Kuang and Mencius—by reference to its inclusion in the official bibliographies compiled by Liu Xiang and Liu Xin.
Gao's commentary on the Strategies of the Warring States appears to have been its first. It is now lost, except for the parts that were included in the later Song-era commentary by Yao Hong.




Legacy


Current editions of the Huainanzi derive in part from copies of Gao's commentaries on it. He commented on all 21 chapters of the original text, but only 13 survive in full. Although the authenticity and completeness of the eight chapters now taken from Xu Shen's alleged commentary are both questioned, Gao's chapters are thought to represent survivals of a genuine copy of the original text. The sinologist Victor Mair considers Gao You responsible for the current organization of the Strategies of the Warring States.
Gao's commentaries on the Huainanzi and Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals include numerous asides on the pronunciation of certain characters, particularly in his local dialect. His notes on the Huainanzi also includes material on the peculiarities of the usual dialect in the former area of Chu. Baxter and Sagart have used some of these notes in their reconstruction of the pronunciation of old Chinese.
Gao's note that his copy of Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, which he considered in "poor condition", consisted of 173,054 characters is significant to scholarship concerning that text, since it makes his edition about a third longer than any currently existing.




References






= Citations

=




= Bibliography

=

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Banjir Tiongkok 1931
• Zhang Shicheng
• Daftar kota di Tiongkok
• Daftar pertempuran dan peperangan di Tiongkok
• Kaisar Yao
• Yangzhou
• Daftar Kota Sejarah dan Budaya Terkenal Nasional di Tiongkok
• Li Jingye
• Peixian
• Kota setingkat county
• Gaoyou
• Gaoyou Lake
• 1931 China floods
• Gaoyou Subdistrict
• Gaoyou–Shaobo campaign
• Jiangsu
• Gaoyou railway station
• List of cities in China
• Gao You
• Yangzhou