• Source: High Victorian Gothic

      • High Victorian Gothic was an eclectic architectural style and movement during the mid-late 19th century. It is seen by architectural historians as either a sub-style of the broader Gothic Revival style, or a separate style in its own right.
      Promoted and derived from the works of the architect and theorist John Ruskin, though it eventually diverged, it is sometimes referred to as Ruskinian Gothic. It is characterised by the use of polychrome (multi-colour) decoration, "use of varying texture" and Gothic details. The architectural scholar James Stevens Curl describes it thus: "Style of the somewhat harsh polychrome structures of the Gothic Revival in the 1850s and 1860s when Ruskin held sway as the arbiter of taste. Like High Gothic, it is an unsatisfactory term, as it poses the question as to what is 'Low Victorian'. 'Mid-Victorian' would, perhaps, be more useful, but precise dates and description of styles would be more so."
      Among the best-known practitioners of the style were William Butterfield, Sir Gilbert Scott, G. E. Street, and Alfred Waterhouse. Waterhouse's Victoria Building at Liverpool University, described by Sir Charles Reilly (an opponent of Victorian Gothic) as "the colour of mud and blood," was the inspiration for the term "red brick university" (as opposed to Oxbridge and the other ancient universities).
      The style began appearing in the United States, particularly New York, in the early 1860s with the work of English-born architects Frederick Clarke Withers, Jacob Wrey Mould, and Americans Edward Tuckerman Potter and Peter Bonnett Wight. By 1870, the style became popular nationwide for civic, commercial, and religious architecture, though was uncommon for residential structures. It was frequently used for what became the "Old Main" of various schools and universities in the late 19th century United States. The Stick Style is sometimes considered the wooden manifestation of the High Victorian Gothic style.


      Examples


      Canada
      Belleville City Hall, Belleville, Ontario, 1873
      Lithuania
      Lentvaris Manor, Lentvaris, 1869
      United Kingdom
      All Saints, Margaret Street, London. Butterfield, 1849–59
      Church of St James, Baldersby, Yorkshire. Butterfield, 1856–58
      Manchester Town Hall. Waterhouse, 1863–77
      Albert Memorial, London. Scott, 1872
      Royal Courts of Justice, London. Street, 1873–82
      No.s 2-7 Arden Street, Stratford upon Avon.
      The Kirna, Walkerburn, Scottish Borders, 1867
      United States
      Hudson River State Hospital, Poughkeepsie, New York
      Jefferson Market Courthouse, New York, New York
      Memorial Hall (Harvard University), Cambridge, Massachusetts
      New Haven City Hall and County Courthouse, New Haven, Connecticut
      Converse House and Barn, Norwich, Connecticut
      The Miller School of Albemarle, Albemarle County, Virginia (1878-1884)
      Anderson Hall (Manhattan, Kansas), Kansas State University


      In the United States













































      See also


      Victorian architecture
      Venetian Gothic architecture


      Notes




      References


      Brownell, Charles, ed. (1992). Making of Virginia Architecture. Charlottesville: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. ISBN 978-0917046346.
      McAlester, Virginia; Lee McAlester (1984). A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Alfred H. Knopf. ISBN 978-0394739694.
      Powers, Alan (1996). "Liverpool and Architectural Education in the Early Twentieth Century". In Sharples, Joseph (ed.). Charles Reilly & the Liverpool School of Architecture 1904–1933. pp. 1–23. ISBN 978-0853239017.

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