• Source: Katrin

Katrin is a feminine given name. It is a German and Swedish contracted form of Katherine. Katrin may refer to:




Sports


Katrin Apel (born 1973), German biathlete
Katrin Beinroth (born 1981), German judoka
Katrin Bühring (born 1977), German actor and screenwriter.
Katrin Borchert (born 1969), German-born Australian sprint canoer
Katrín Davíðsdóttir (born 1993), Icelandic CrossFit athlete
Katrin Dörre-Heinig (born 1961), German long-distance runner
Katrin Engel (born 1984), Austrian handball player
Katrin Green (born 1985), German Paralympian track and field athlete
Katrin Käärt (born 1983), Estonian athletics sprinter
Katrin Kauschke (born 1971), German field hockey player
Katrin Kieseler, German-born, Australian sprint canoer
Katrin Kliehm (born 1981), German football player
Katrin Krabbe (born 1969), German athlete
Katrin Krüger (born 1959), German handball player
Katrin Lux (born 1980), Austrian actress.
Katrin Loo (born 1991), Estonian footballer
Katrin Mattscherodt (born 1981), German long track speed skater
Katrin Meissner (born 1973), German freestyle swimmer
Katrin Olsen (born 1972), Danish–Faroese rower
Katrin Rutschow-Stomporowski (born 1975), German rower
Katrin Schreiter (born 1969), German sprinter
Katrin Wagner-Augustin (born 1977), German sprint canoer
Katrin Zeller (born 1979), German cross country skier




Television and film


Katrin Cartlidge (1961–2002), British actress
Katrin Ottarsdóttir (born 1957), Faroese movie director
Katrin Karisma (born 1947), Estonian actress, singer and politician
Katrin Kohv (born 1964), Estonian actress
Katrin Laur (born 1955), Estonian film director, producer and screenwriter
Katrin Pärn (born 1977), Estonian actress
Katrin Sass (born 1956), German actress
Katrin Välbe (1904–1981), Estonian actress




Other fields


Katrin Adt (born 1972), German business executive
Katrin Auer (born 1974), Austrian politician
Katrin Fridriks (born 1974), Icelandic artist
Katrin Göring-Eckardt (born 1966), German politician
Katrin Himmler (born 1969), German writer
Katrin Kivi (born 1967), Estonian diplomat
Katrin Kneipp, German physicist
Katrin Koov (born 1973), Estonian architect
Katrin Nyman-Metcalf (born 1963), Estonian-Swedish legal scholar
Katrin Saks (born 1956), Estonian politician
Katrin Siska (born 1983), Estonian musician
Katrin Wehrheim (born 1972), German-American mathematician




See also


KATRIN, experiment to measure the mass of the electron neutrino with sub-eV precision
Katherine
Kathrin
Katrina
Katrín
Catherine




References

• Source: KATRIN

KATRIN is a German acronym (Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment) for an undertaking to measure the mass of the electron antineutrino with sub-eV precision by examining the spectrum of electrons emitted from the beta decay of tritium. The experiment is a recognized CERN experiment (RE14). The core of the apparatus is a 200-ton spectrometer.
In 2015, the commissioning measurements on this spectrometer were completed, successfully verifying its basic vacuum, transmission and background properties. The experiment began running tests in October 2016. The inauguration took place 11 June 2018, with the first tritium measurements by the experiment (the so-called First Tritium or FT 2-week engineering run in mid-2018). The projected experiment duration at the time was 5 years. The first science measurements (so-called first campaign) took place 10 April 2019.
In February 2022, the experiment announced an upper limit of mν < 0.8 eV c–2 at 90% confidence level.




Construction and assembly



The spectrometer was built by MAN DWE GmbH in Deggendorf. Although only 350 km from Karlsruhe, the tank's size made land transport impossible. Instead, it was shipped by water, down the Danube to the Black Sea, through the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean to Rotterdam, then up the Rhine to Karlsruhe. This 8600 km long detour limited land travel to only the final 7 km from the Leopoldshafen docks to the laboratory.
The construction proceeded well with several of the major components on-site by 2010. The main spectrometer test program was scheduled for 2013 and the complete system integration for 2014. The experiment is located at the former Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, now Campus Nord of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.




Experiment



The beta decay of tritium is one of the least energetic beta decays. The electron and the neutrino which are emitted share only 18.6 keV of energy between them. KATRIN is designed to produce a very accurate spectrum of the numbers of electrons emitted with energies very close to this total energy (only a few eV away), which correspond to very low energy neutrinos. If the neutrino is a massless particle, there is no lower bound to the energy the neutrino can carry, so the electron energy spectrum should extend all the way to the 18.6 keV limit. On the other hand, if the neutrino has mass, then it must always carry away at least the amount of energy equivalent to its mass by E = m c ², and the electron spectrum should drop off short of the total energy limit and have a different shape.
In most beta decay events, the electron and the neutrino carry away roughly equal amounts of energy. The events of interest to KATRIN, in which the electron takes almost all the energy and the neutrino almost none, are very rare, occurring roughly once in a trillion decays. In order to filter out the common events so the detector is not overwhelmed, the electrons must pass through an electric potential that stops all electrons below a certain threshold, which is set a few eV below the total energy limit. Only electrons that have enough energy to pass through the potential are counted.




= Results

=
First results from the first measurement campaign (10 April – 13 May 2019) were published 13 September 2019. They put the upper bound of electron neutrino mass to 1.1 eV.
As of September 2019, the experiment hopes to achieve 3 measuring campaigns, each comprising 65 days of active measurement, in a year. The experiment reckons it needs 1000 days of measurement to reach target sensitivity of 0.2 eV (upper limit for neutrino mass). Thus the final results are expected in 5–6 years.
The February 2022 upper limit is mν < 0.8 eV c–2 at 90% CL in combination with the previous campaign.




Importance


The precise mass of the neutrino is important not only for particle physics, but also for cosmology. The observation of neutrino oscillation is strong evidence in favor of massive neutrinos, but gives only a weak lower bound.
Along with the possible observation of neutrinoless double beta decay, KATRIN is one of the neutrino experiments most likely to yield significant results in the near future.




External links



KATRIN homepage
Arrival of KATRIN main spectrometer at Karlsruhe (pictures)
KATRIN design report 2004
KATRIN experiment record on INSPIRE-HEP




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• London Has Fallen
• Katrin Göring-Eckardt
• The Expendables 3
• Katrin Siska
• Katrin Sass
• Katrín Jakobsdóttir
• Katrín Magnússon
• Kabinet Katrín Jakobsdóttir
• Katrín Lea Elenudóttir
• Majapahit
• Katrin
• KATRIN
• Katrín
• Katrín Davíðsdóttir
• Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir
• Katrin Sass
• Katrín Jakobsdóttir
• Katrin Cartlidge
• Guðrún Katrín Þorbergsdóttir
• Katrin Lux