• Source: Legation

A legation was a diplomatic representative office of lower rank than an embassy. Where an embassy was headed by an ambassador, a legation was headed by a minister. Ambassadors outranked ministers and had precedence at official events. Legations were originally the most common form of diplomatic mission, but they fell out of favor after World War II and were upgraded to embassies.




History


Through the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century, most diplomatic missions were legations. An ambassador was considered the personal representative of their monarch, so only a major power that was a monarchy would send an ambassador, and only to another major power that was also a monarchy. A republic or a smaller monarchy would only send a minister and establish a legation. Because of diplomatic reciprocity, even a major monarchy would only establish a legation in a republic or a smaller monarchy. For example, in the waning years of the Second French Empire, the North German Confederation had an embassy in Paris, while Bavaria and the United States had legations.
The practice of establishing legations gradually fell from favor as the embassy became the standard form of diplomatic mission. The establishment of the French Third Republic and the continued growth of the United States meant that two of the great powers were now republics. The French Republic continued the French Empire's practice of sending and receiving ambassadors. In 1893, the United States followed the French precedent and began sending ambassadors, upgrading its legations to embassies. The last remaining American legations, in Bulgaria and Hungary, were upgraded to embassies in 1966.
The last legations in the world were the Baltic legations, which were upgraded to embassies in 1991 after the Baltic states restored their independence from the Soviet Union, and the legations of Finland and Sweden to South Africa, which were upgraded to embassies in 1991 and 1 November 1993 respectively after the release of Nelson Mandela from prison and as apartheid and the corresponding Nordic diplomatic embargo were coming to an end.




See also


American Legation, Tangier
Beijing Legation Quarter
Concession (territory)
Papal Legations, certain administrative regions of the former Papal States, specifically the "legations" of Ferrara, Bologna, Forlì, and Ravenna
Villa Lituania




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Pemberontakan Boxer
• Sun Yat-sen
• Juz 30
• Juz 29
• Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Ottawa
• Tangier
• Estonia
• Perwakilan diplomatik
• Norodom Sihanouk
• Perang Salib Livonia
• Legation
• Siege of the International Legations
• American Legation, Tangier
• Peking Legation Quarter
• Baltic Legations (1940–1991)
• Administrative subdivisions of the Papal States from 1816 to 1870
• Texas Legation
• Boxer Rebellion
• Gojong's internal exile to the Russian legation
• Embassy of the United Kingdom, Bangkok