• Source: Mineral acid

A mineral acid (or inorganic acid) is an acid derived from one or more inorganic compounds, as opposed to organic acids which are acidic, organic compounds. All mineral acids form hydrogen ions and the conjugate base when dissolved in water.




Characteristics


Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3); these are also known as bench acids. Mineral acids range from superacids (such as perchloric acid) to very weak ones (such as boric acid). Mineral acids tend to be very soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents.
Mineral acids are used in many sectors of the chemical industry as feedstocks for the synthesis of other chemicals, both organic and inorganic. Large quantities of these acids – especially sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid – are manufactured for commercial use in large plants.
Mineral acids are also used directly for their corrosive properties. For example, a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid is used for removing the deposits from the inside of boilers, with precautions taken to prevent the corrosion of the boiler by the acid. This process is known as descaling.
Inorganic acids are often produced or processed in reactors, heat exchangers, and piping systems, where tantalum is used to prevent degradation and corrosion.




Examples


Solutions of a hydrogen halide:
Hydrofluoric acid HF
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Hydrobromic acid HBr
Hydroiodic acid HI
Nitric acid HNO3
Phosphoric acid H3PO4
Sulfuric acid H2SO4
Boric acid H3BO3
Perchloric acid HClO4
Hydrogen cyanide HCN




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Mineral (nutrisi)
• Asam fosfat
• Asam sulfat
• Asam borat
• Hujan asam
• Unsur periode 3
• Pelindian Asam Tekanan Tinggi
• Boraks
• Asam klorida
• Pirit
• Mineral acid
• Nitric acid
• Perchloric acid
• Hydrochloric acid
• Sulfuric acid
• Boric acid
• Nitrous acid
• Acid
• Organic acid
• Phosphoric acid