• Source: Mukhari

Mukhari (pronounced mukhāri) is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is a janya rāga of Kharaharapriya. An emotional raga, it can sound very sorrowful and introspective. And of course, devotional as well. It sounds best in a very slow speed, with each note and gamaka enunciated clearly. However, there are some crisper renditions of this raga which are also enjoyable. Some well known and often heard compositions are Sivakama Sundari by Papanasam Sivan, Sangeeta Shastra and Entani Ne by Tyagaraja, Emani Ne by Subbaraya Shastri, Arivar Yaar by Arunachala Kavi and Endraikku Shiva Krupai by Neelakanta Sivan.




Structure and Lakshana


Arohana: S R₂ M₁ P N₂ D₂ Ṡ
Avarohana: Ṡ N₂ D₁ P M₁ G₂ R₂ S




Popular Compositions


Indu Enage Govinda by Raghavendra Swami (Also sung in Mukhari)
Palisemma Muddu Sharade, Chitta Shuddhi illadava By Purandara Dasa
Brahma Kadigina Padamu by Annamacharya
Pahimaam Rathnachala by Muthuswami Dikshitar
Entaninne by Tyagaraja
Ksheenamai by Tyagaraja
Karubaru Cheyuvaru by Tyagaraja
Elavatara by Tyagaraja
Sangeeta Sastra by Tyagaraja
Talachi Nantane by Tyagaraja
Muripemu by Tyagaraja
Endraikku Siva Krupai by Neelakanta Sivan
Emani Ne by Subbaraya Sastri
Ososi Namadi by Kshetrayya
Dasaratha Rama by Bhadrachala Ramadasu
Sivakama sundari by Papanasam Sivan
Krishnam Kalaya by Narayana Teertha




Less-known Compositions


Anandam Anandam Anandame, which is played by the orchestra at a Hindu wedding, immediately after the groom ties the mangalsutra on the bride's neck, evoking emotions of happiness and sorrow between the groom and bride's family members. Jalamika Valadhura is a very rare, short Swarajathi composed in the same raga.




Meaning


A raga that is colourful, well-known and full of emotive appeal is Mukhari. This raga is often spoken of as a sorrowful raga ( shoka rasa ), but in reality it also exudes bhakthi rasa and shanta rasa effectively. Mukhari’s allied ragas include Huseni, Bhairavi, Salagabhairavi, Kokilavarali and Maanji. Mukhari has to be enunciated with very precise swara positions and gamakas in order to achieve propriety, to avoid meandering into neighbouring pastures. The notes in Mukhari include Sadja, Chatusruti Rishabha, Suddha Madhyama, Pancama, Chatusruti Dhaivata (ascent) and Suddha Dhaivata (descent), and Kaisiki Nishada. The Sadharana Gandhara appears in the avarohana and is absent in the ascent. The important phrases in Mukhari include ‘SRM G, RS’ where the emphasis is on the Madhyama, and ‘PDSR’ where the Rishabha is emphasised. It is a special raga, full of melodic possibilities.




Film Songs






= Language:Tamil

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Notes






References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Muchtar Jahja
• Mukhari
• Dr George Mukhari Hospital
• Phrygian dominant scale
• List of ragas in Hindustani classical music
• Precious Simelane
• Kuravanji
• Kasargold
• Vakulabharanam
• Amir Khan (singer)
• Irayimman Thampi