• Source: Multi-ringed basin

A multi-ringed basin (also a multi-ring impact basin) is not a simple bowl-shaped crater, or a peak ring crater, but one containing multiple concentric topographic rings; a multi-ringed basin could be described as a massive impact crater, surrounded by circular chains of mountains resembling rings on a bull's-eye. A multi-ringed basin may have an area of many thousands of square kilometres.
An impact crater of diameter bigger than about 180 miles (290 km) is referred to as a basin.




Structure


In adjacent rings, the ratio of the diameters approximates √2:1 ≈ 1.41 to 1.




Formation



To start, a peak ring crater has

one peak-ring, i.e., a crater rim, which is generally circular, and
a mountainous region which surrounds the basin center.
A multi-ringed basin has an important difference, which is multiple peak-rings.
In extremely large collisions, following the impact the rebound of the surface can obliterate any trace of the initial impact point. Usually, a peak ring crater has a high structure with a terrace and has slump structures inside of it. In 2016, research brought forward new theories about the formation of the lunar mare called Mare Orientale on Earth's Moon.
Multi-ring basins are some of the largest, oldest, rarest and least understood of impact craters. There are various theories to explain the formation of multi-ringed basins, however there is currently no consensus.




Examples


Mare Orientale on Earth's Moon is a multi-ringed basin created by an impactor perhaps 60 kilometres (40 mi) in diameter traveling at 14 kilometres per second (9 mi/s), or about 52,100 kilometres per hour (32,400 mph)
Anubis on Ganymede, the largest moon of Jupiter
Valhalla on Callisto, a moon of Jupiter
Evander on Dione, a moon of Saturn
Caloris Basin, surrounded by Caloris Montes, on Mercury
Burney on Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt
Chicxulub crater in Mexico has a sufficient area to have been a multi-ringed basin,




See also


Central-peak crater – Large impact craters with uplifted centresPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Complex crater – Large impact craters with uplifted centres
Impact crater – Circular depression in a solid astronomical body formed by the impact of a smaller object
Impact event – Collision of two astronomical objects
Impact structure – Geologic structure formed from impact on a planetary surface
Peak ring (crater) – Roughly circular ring or plateau, possibly discontinuous, surrounding an impact crater's centerPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Pedestal crater – type of impact craterPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
Expanded crater – Type of secondary impact craterPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
Traces of Catastrophe – Comprehensive technical reference on the science of impact craters book from Lunar and Planetary Institute - comprehensive reference on impact crater science




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Multi-ringed basin
• Peak ring
• Asgard (crater)
• Charlevoix impact structure
• Impact structure
• Complex crater
• Valhalla (crater)
• Impact crater
• Lunar geologic timescale
• Montes Apenninus