• Source: NATO Integrated Air Defense System

The NATO Integrated Air Defense System (short: NATINADS) is a command and control network combining radars and other facilities spread throughout the NATO alliance's air defence forces. It formed in the mid-1950s and became operational in 1962 as NADGE. It has been constantly upgraded since its formation, notably with the integration of Airborne Early Warning aircraft in the 1970s. The United Kingdom maintained its own network, but was fully integrated with the network since the introduction of the Linesman/Mediator network in the 1970s. Similarly, the German network maintained an independent nature through GEADGE.




Development


Development was approved by the NATO Military Committee in December 1955. The system was to be based on four air defense regions (ADRs) coordinated by SACEUR (Supreme Allied Commander Europe). Starting from 1956 early warning coverage was extended across Western Europe using 18 radar stations. This part of the system was completed by 1962. Linked to existing national radar sites the coordinated system was called the NATO Air Defence Ground Environment (NADGE).
From 1960 NATO countries agreed to place all their air defence forces under the command of SACEUR in the event of war. These forces included command & control (C2) systems, radar installations, and Surface-to-Air (SAM) missile units as well as interceptor aircraft.
By 1972 NADGE was converted into NATINADS consisting of 84 radar sites and associated Control Reporting Centers (CRC) and in the 1980s the Airborne Early Warning / Ground Environment Integration Segment (AEGIS) upgraded the NATINADS with the possibility to integrate the AWACS radar picture and all of its information into its visual displays. (NOTE: This AEGIS is not to be confused with the U.S.Navy AEGIS, a shipboard fire control radar and weapons system.) AEGIS processed the information through Hughes H5118ME computers, which replaced the H3118M computers installed at NADGE sites in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
NATINADS ability to handle data increased with faster clock rates. The H5118M computer had a staggering 1 megabyte of memory and could handle 1.2 million instructions per second while the former model had a memory of only 256 kilobytes and a clock speed of 150,000 instructions per seconds.
NATINADS/AEGIS were complemented, in West Germany by the German Air Defence Ground Environment (GEADGE), an updated radar network adding the southern part of Germany to the European system and Coastal Radar Integration System (CRIS), adding data links from Danish coastal radars.
In order to counter the hardware obsolescence, during the mid-1990s NATO started the AEGIS Site Emulator (ASE) program allowing the NATINADS/AEGIS sites to replace the proprietary hardware (the 5118ME computer and the various operator consoles IDM-2, HMD-22, IDM-80) with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) servers and workstations.
In the first years 2000, the initial ASE capability was expanded with the possibility to run, thanks to the new hardware power, multiple site emulators on the same hardware, so the system was renamed into Multi-AEGIS Site Emulator (MASE). The NATO system designed to replace MASE in the near future is the Air Command and Control System (ACCS).
Because of changing politics, NATO expanding and financial crises most European (NATO) countries are trying to cut defence budgets; as a direct result, many obsolete and outdated NATINADS facilities are phased out earlier. As of 2013, operational NATO radar sites in Europe are as follows:




Allied Air Command


Allied Air Command (AIRCOM) is the central command of all NATO air forces on the European continent. The command is based at Ramstein Air Base in Germany and has two subordinate commands in Germany and Spain. The Royal Canadian Air Force and United States Air Force fall under command of the Canadian/American North American Aerospace Defense Command.

Allied Air Command, at Ramstein Air Base, Germany
CAOC Torrejón, at Torrejón Air Base, Spain - responsible for the airspace South of the Alps
Albania: Air Surveillance Centre, at Tirana International Airport
Bulgaria: Air Sovereignty Operations Centre, in Sofia
Croatia: Airspace Surveillance Centre, in Podvornica
Greece: Air Operations Centre, at Larissa Air Base
Italy: National Air and Space Operations Centre, in Poggio Renatico
Montenegro: Air Surveillance and Reporting Centre, at Podgorica Airport
Portugal: Control and Reporting Centre, in Monsanto
Romania: Air Operations Centre, in Balotești
Slovenia: Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre, in Brnik
Spain: Air Operations Centre, in Torrejón
Central Command and Control Group, at Torrejón Air Base
Northern Command and Control Group, at Zaragoza Air Base
Turkey: Control and Reporting Centre, in Ahlatlıbel
CAOC Uedem, in Uedem, Germany - responsible for the airspace North of the Alps
Baltic Air Surveillance Network - Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre, in Karmėlava
Estonia: Air Operations Control Centre, at Ämari Air Base
Latvia: Air Operations Centre, at Lielvārde Air Base
Lithuania: Airspace Control Centre, in Karmėlava
Belgium: Control and Reporting Centre, at Beauvechain Air Base
Czech Republic: Control and Reporting Centre, in Hlavenec
Denmark: Control and Reporting Centre, at Karup Air Base
France: Control and Reporting Centre, at Mont Verdun Air Base
Germany: Air Operations Centre, in Uedem
Control and Reporting Centre 2, in Erndtebrück
Control and Reporting Centre 3, in Schönewalde
Hungary: Air Operations Centre, in Veszprém
Iceland: Control and Reporting Centre, at Keflavik Air Base
Luxembourg: airspace controlled by Belgium's Control and Reporting Centre, at Beauvechain Air Base
Netherlands: Control and Reporting Centre, in Nieuw-Milligen
Norway: Control and Reporting Centre, in Sørreisa
Poland: Air Operations Centre, in Warsaw-Pyry
22nd Command and Control Centre, in Osówiec
32nd Command and Control Centre, in Balice
Slovakia: Air Operations Centre, at Sliač Air Base
United Kingdom: Control and Reporting Centre, at RAF Boulmer




Radar stations






= Albania

=

The Albanian Air Force's Air Surveillance Centre is based in Rinas and the Air Force operates a Lockheed Martin AN/TPS-77 radar on top of Mida mountain near Pukë.




= Belgium

=
The Belgian Air Component's Control and Reporting Centre was based at Glons, where also its main radar was located. The radar was deactivated in 2015 and the Centre moved to Beauvechain Air Base in 2020. The Belgian Control and Reporting Centre reports to CAOC Uedem in Germany and is also responsible for guarding the airspace of Luxembourg. At the new location the Control and Reporting Centre uses digital radar data of the civilian radars of Belgocontrol and the Marconi S-723 radar of the Air Component's Air Traffic Control Centre in Semmerzake.




= Bulgaria

=
The Bulgarian Air Force's Air Sovereignty Operations Centre is located in Sofia and reports to CAOC Torrejón. The Bulgarian Air Force fields three control and surveillance zones, which operate obsolete Soviet-era radars. The Bulgarian Air Force intends to replace these radars with fewer, but more capable Western 3-D radars as soon as possible. The future locations of the new radars are as of 2018 unknown.

Joint Forces Command, in Sofia
Air Sovereignty Operational Center (ASOC), in Sofia
Base Operative Center (part of 3rd Air Base), Graf Ignatievo Air Base, operational control of fighter aviation
Command, Control and Surveillance Base, in Sofia
1st Control and Surveillance Zone, in Bozhurishte, Sofia Province
2nd Control and Surveillance Zone, in Trud, Plovdiv Province
3rd Control and Surveillance Zone, in Bratovo, Burgas Province




= Canada

=
The Royal Canadian Air Force's control centres and radar stations are part of the Canadian/American North American Aerospace Defense Command.




= Croatia

=

The Croatian Air Force and Air Defense's Airspace Surveillance Centre is headquartered in Podvornica and reports to CAOC Torrejón.

Air Force and Air Defense Command
Airspace Surveillance and Control Battalion, at 91st Air Force Base (Zagreb - Pleso)
Airspace Surveillance Centre, in Podvornica
Sector Operational Centre, in Split
Mount Sljeme Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T
Borinci Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T
Papuk Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T
Učka Radar Post, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T
Mount Rota, with AN/FPS-117(E)1T




= Czech Republic

=

The Czech Air Force's Control and Reporting Centre is located in Hlavenec and reports to CAOC Uedem.

Air Force Command, in Prague
26th Air Command, Control and Surveillance Regiment, in Stará Boleslav
261st Control and Reporting Centre (CRC), in Hlavenec
262nd Radio-technical Battalion, in Hlavenec
1st Radio-technical Company, in Nepolisy, with RAT-31DL
2nd Radio-technical Company, in Pomezí, with RL-5M
4th Radio-technical Company, in Sokolnice, with RAT-31DL
6th Radio-technical Company, in Planá, with RL-5M
263nd Support Battalion, in Hlavenec
Reserve Control and Reporting Centre, in Větrušice




= Denmark

=

The Royal Danish Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 1) in Finderup was deactivated in 2008 and replaced at the same location by the Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup (CAOC F), which had responsibility for the airspaces of Iceland, Norway, Denmark and the United Kingdom. CAOC F was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Uedem in Germany. The national Danish Control and Reporting Centre is located at Karup Air Base and it reports to CAOC Uedem.
The Pituffik Space Base in Greenland is a United States Space Force installation and its radars are part of the North American Aerospace Defense Command and United States Space Command.

Air Force Tactical Command, at Karup Air Base
Air Control Wing, at Karup Air Base
Control and Reporting Centre, at Karup Air Base
Radar Station Skagen, in Skagen, with RAT-31DL
Radar Station Skrydstrup, at Skrydstrup Air Base, with AN/TPS-77
Radar Station Bornholm, in Almindingen, with Marconi S-723




= Estonia

=

The Estonian Air Force's Air Operations Control Centre is located at Ämari Air Base and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) in Karmėlava, Lithuania, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem.

Air Force Command, in Tallinn
Air Surveillance Wing, at Ämari Air Base
Air Operations Control Centre, at Ämari Air Base
Engineering and Technical Group, at Ämari Air Base
Radar Station, in Levalõpme, with GM 403
Radar Station, in Otepää, with GM 403
Radar Station, in Kellavere, with AN/TPS-77(V)
Airport Surveillance Radar at Ämari Air Base, with ASR-8




= France

=

The French Air and Space Force's Air Operations Centre is located at Mont Verdun Air Base and reports to CAOC Uedem. Most French radar sites use the PALMIER radar, which is being taken out of service. By 2022 all PALMIER radars will have been replaced with new radar stations using the GM 403 radar.

Air Defense and Air Operations Command
Air Operations Brigade, at Mont Verdun Air Base
Air Operations Centre, at Mont Verdun Air Base
Control and Reporting Centre, at Mont-de-Marsan Air Base
Control and Reporting Centre, in Cinq-Mars-la-Pile
Mont Verdun Air Base radar, with GM GM 406
Élément Air Rattaché (EAR) 943, on Mont Agel, with GM 406
Additionally the French Air and Space Force fields a GM 406 radar at the Cayenne-Rochambeau Air Base in French Guiana to protect the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou.




= Germany

=

The German Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 2) in Uedem was deactivated in 2008 and reactivated as CAOC Uedem in 2013. CAOC Uedem is responsible for the NATO airspace North of the Alps. The HADR radars are a variant of the HR-3000 radar, while the RRP-117 radars are a variant of the AN/FPS-117.

Air Operations Centre (Zentrum Luftoperationen der Luftwaffe) (NATO CAOC Uedem), in Uedem
Control and Reporting Centre 2 (Einsatzführungsbereich 2), in Erndtebrück
Operations Squadron 21, in Erndtebrück
Operations Support Squadron 22, in Erndtebrück
Sensor Platoon I, in Lauda
Remote Radar Post 240 "Loneship", in Erndtebrück with GM 406F
Remote Radar Post 246 "Hardwheel", on Erbeskopf with HADR
Remote Radar Post 247 "Batman", in Lauda with GM 406F
Remote Radar Post 248 "Coldtrack", in Freising with GM 406F
Remote Radar Post 249 "Sweet Apple", in Meßstetten with HADR
Sensor Platoon II, in Auenhausen
Remote Radar Post 241 "Crabtree", in Marienbaum with HADR
Remote Radar Post 242 "Backwash", in Auenhausen with GM 406F
Remote Radar Post 243 "Silver Cork", in Visselhövede with GM 406F
Remote Radar Post 244 "Round up", in Brockzetel with HADR
Remote Radar Post 245 "Bugle", in Brekendorf with GM 406F
Control and Reporting Training Inspection 23, in Erndtebrück
Education and Training Centre, in Erndtebrück
Education, Test and Training Group, in Erndtebrück
Control and Reporting Centre 3 (Einsatzführungsbereich 3), in Schönewalde
Operations Squadron 31, in Schönewalde
Operations Support Squadron 32, in Schönewalde
Sensor Platoon III, in Cölpin
Remote Radar Post 351 "Matchpoint", in Putgarten with RRP-117
Remote Radar Post 352 "Mindreader", in Cölpin with RRP-117
Remote Radar Post 353 "Teddy Bear", in Tempelhof with RRP-117
Remote Radar Post 356 "", in Elmenhorst with RRP-117
Sensor Platoon IV, in Regen
Remote Radar Post 354 "Blackmoor", in Döbern with RRP-117
Remote Radar Post 355 "Royal Flash", in Gleina with RRP-117
Remote Radar Post 357 "", on Döbraberg with RRP-117
Remote Radar Post 358 "Snow Cap", on Großer Arber with RRP-117




= Greece

=
1st Area Control Centre, inside Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D
2nd Area Control Centre, inside Mount Parnitha, with Marconi S-743D
9th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Pelion, with Marconi S-743D
10th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D

The Hellenic Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 7) at Larissa Air Base was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities transferred to the CAOC Torrejón in Spain. The Hellenic Air Force fields two HR-3000, four AR-327 and six Marconi S-743D radar systems, however as of 2018 the air force is in the process of replacing some of its older systems with three RAT-31DL radars.

Air Force Tactical Command, at Larissa Air Base
Air Operations Centre, at Larissa Air Base
1st Area Control Centre, inside Mount Chortiatis
2nd Area Control Centre, inside Mount Parnitha
1st Control and Warning Station Squadron, in Didymoteicho, with AR-327
2nd Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Ismaros, with HR-3000
3rd Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Vitsi, with Marconi S-743D
4th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Elati, with RAT-31DL
5th Control and Warning Station Squadron, in Kissamos, with Marconi S-743D
6th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mykonos, with AR-327
7th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Mela, with AR-327
8th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Lemnos, with AR-327
9th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Pelion, with Marconi S-743D
10th Control and Warning Station Squadron, on Mount Chortiatis, with Marconi S-743D
11th Control and Warning Station Squadron, in Ziros, with HR-3000




= Hungary

=

The Hungarian Air Force's Air Operations Centre is located in Veszprém and reports to CAOC Uedem. There are additional three radar companies with Soviet-era equipment subordinate to the 54th Radar Regiment "Veszprém", however it is unclear if they will remain in service once Hungary's newest radar at Medina reaches full operational capability.

Air Force Command, in Budapest
Air Operations Centre, in Veszprém
54th Radar Regiment "Veszprém", in Veszprém
1st Radar Data Centre, in Békéscsaba, with RAT-31DL
2nd Radar Data Centre, in Medina, with RAT-31DL
3rd Radar Data Centre, in Bánkút, with RAT-31DL




= Iceland

=

The Iceland Air Defense System, which is part of the Icelandic Coast Guard, monitors Iceland's airspace. Air Defense is provided by fighter jets from NATO allies, which rotate units for the Icelandic Air Policing mission to Keflavik Air Base.
The Iceland Air Defense System's Control and Reporting Centre is at Keflavik Air Base and reports to CAOC Uedem in Germany.

Iceland Air Defense System, at Keflavik Air Base
Control and Reporting Centre, at Keflavik Air Base
H1 Radar Station, at Miðnesheiði, with AN/FPS-117(V)5
H2 Radar Station, on Mount Gunnolfsvík, with AN/FPS-117(V)5
H3 Radar Station, at Stokksnes, with AN/FPS-117(V)5
H4 Radar Station, on Mount Bolafjalli, with AN/FPS-117(V)5




= Italy

=

The Italian Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 5) in Poggio Renatico was deactivated in 2013 and replaced with the Mobile Command and Control Regiment (RMCC) at Bari Air Base, while the Centre's responsibilities were transferred to the CAOC Torrejón in Spain.

Air Operations Command (COA), in Poggio Renatico
Air Operations Centre, in Poggio Renatico
Integrated Missile Air-defense Regiment (Rep. DAMI), in Poggio Renatico
11th Integrated Missile Air-defense Squadron, in Poggio Renatico
22nd Air Force Radar Squadron (GrRAM), in Licola, with AN/FPS-117(V)
112th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Mortara, with RAT-31DL
113th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Lame di Concordia, with RAT-31DL
114th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Potenza Picena, with RAT-31DL
115th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Capo Mele, with RAT-31DL
121st Remote Radar Station Flight, in Poggio Ballone, with AN/FPS-117(V)
123rd Remote Radar Station Flight, in Capo Frasca, with AN/FPS-117(V)
131st Remote Radar Station Flight, in Jacotenente, with RAT-31DL
132nd Remote Radar Station Flight, in Capo Rizzuto, with RAT-31DL
133rd Remote Radar Station Flight, in San Giovanni Teatino, with AN/FPS-117(V)
134th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Lampedusa, with RAT-31DL
135th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Marsala, with RAT-31DL
136th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Otranto, with RAT-31DL
137th Remote Radar Station Flight, in Mezzogregorio, with RAT-31DL




= Latvia

=

The Latvian Air Force's Air Operations Centre is located at Lielvārde Air Base and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) in Karmėlava, Lithuania, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem.

Air Force Headquarters, at Lielvārde Air Base
Air Surveillance Squadron, at Lielvārde Air Base
Air Operations Centre, at Lielvārde Air Base
1st Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, at Lielvārde Air Base, with AN/TPS-77(V)
2nd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in Audriņi, with AN/TPS-77(V)
3rd Radiotechnical (Radar) Post, in Čalas, with AN/TPS-77(V)
Mobile Radar Section, with TPS-77 MRR




= Lithuania

=

The Lithuanian Air Force's Air Operations Control Centre is located in Karmėlava and reports to the Baltic Air Surveillance Network's Regional Airspace Surveillance Coordination Centre (RASCC) co-located in Karmėlava, which in turn reports to CAOC Uedem.

Lithuanian Air Force Headquarters, in Kaunas
Airspace Surveillance and Control Command, in Kaunas
Airspace Control Centre, in Karmėlava
1st Radar Post, in Antaveršis
3rd Radar Post, in Degučiai
4th Radar Post, in Ceikiškės




= Luxembourg

=
Luxembourg's airspace is monitored and guarded by the Belgian Air Component's Control and Reporting Centre at Beauvechain Air Base.




= Montenegro

=
The Armed Forces of Montenegro do not possess a modern air defense radar and the country's airspace is monitored by Italian Air Force radar sites. The Armed Forces Air Surveillance and Reporting Centre is located at Podgorica Airport in Golubovci and reports to CAOC Torrejón in Spain.




= Netherlands

=

The Royal Netherlands Air Force's Air Operations Centre is located at Nieuw-Milligen and reports to CAOC Uedem. The air force's main radars are being replaced with two modern SMART-L GB radars.

Air Force Command, in Breda
Air Operations Control Station, in Nieuw-Milligen
Control and Reporting Centre, in Nieuw-Milligen
Radar Station South, in Nieuw-Milligen, with SMART-L GB
Radar Station North, at Wier, with SMART-L GB




= Norway

=

The Royal Norwegian Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 3) in Reitan was deactivated in 2008 and its responsibilities were transferred to the Combined Air Operations Centre Finderup (CAOC F). After CAOC F was deactivated in 2013 the responsibility for the air defense of Norway was transferred to CAOC Uedem in Germany and the Royal Norwegian Air Force's Control and Reporting Centre in Sørreisa reports to it. Until 2016 the Royal Norwegian Air Force's radar installations were distributed between two CRCs. That year the CRC Mågerø was disbanded. In its place a wartime mobilization back-up CRC has been formed with a reduction in personnel from the around active 170 duty to about 50 air force home guardsmen. The SINDRE I radars are a variant of the HR-3000 radar, which is also used in the German HADR radars. The newer RAT-31SL/N radars are sometimes designated SINDRE II.

Armed Forces Operational Headquarters, Reitan near Bodø Main Air Station
131 Air Wing, in Sørreisa Municipality
Control and Reporting Centre Sørreisa
Radar Station Njunis, with RAT-31SL/N
Radar Station Senja, with RAT-31SL/N
Radar Station Honningsvåg, with RAT-31SL/N
Radar Station Vestvågøy, with SINDRE I
Radar Station Vågsøy, with SINDRE I
Radar Station Skykula, with SINDRE I




= Poland

=

The Polish Armed Forces Operational Command's Air Operations Centre is located in the Warsaw-Pyry neighborhood and reports to CAOC Uedem. The 3rd Wrocław Radiotechnical Brigade is responsible for the operation of the Armed Forces radar equipment. As of 2021, the Polish Air Force possesses three NUR-12M and three RAT-31DL long-range radars making up BACKBONE system, which are listed below.

Armed Forces Operational Command, in Warsaw
Air Operations Centre - Air Component Command, in Warsaw-Pyry
Mobile Air Operations Command Unit, in Babki
22nd Command and Control Centre, in Osówiec
32nd Command and Control Centre, at Kraków-Balice Air Base
1st Air Operations Coordination Centre, in Gdynia
2nd Air Operations Coordination Centre, in Kraków
4th Air Operations Coordination Centre, in Szczecin
3rd Wrocław Radiotechnical Brigade, in Wrocław
3rd Sandomierz Radiotechnical Battalion, in Sandomierz
110th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Łabunie, with RAT-31DL
360th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Brzoskwinia, with NUR-12M
8th Szczycień Radiotechnical Battalion, in Lipowiec
144th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Roskosz, with NUR-12M
184th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Szypliszki, with RAT-31DL
211th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Chruściel, with RAT-31DL
31st Lower Silesian Radiotechnical Battalion, in Wrocław
170th Long Range Radiolocating Post, in Wronowice, with NUR-12M
34th Chojnice Radiotechnical Battalion, in Chojnice




= Portugal

=

The Portuguese Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 10) in Lisbon was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Torrejón in Spain.

Air Command, in Lisbon
Control and Reporting Centre, in Monsanto
Radar Station 1, on Monte Fóia, with HR-3000
Radar Station 2, on Monte Pilar in Paços de Ferreira, with HR-3000
Radar Station 3, at Montejunto, with HR-3000
Radar Station 4, on Pico do Arieiro, on the island of Madeira, with LANZA 3-D




= Romania

=

The Romanian Air Force's Air Operations Centre is headquartered in Balotești and reports to CAOC Torrejón. Additionally, the WSR-98D radar stations in Bârnova, Medgidia, Bobohalma, Timișoara, and Oradea are officially designated and operated as a civilian radar stations by the National Meteorological Administration, however their data is fed into the military air surveillance system as well.

Air Component Command "General comandant aviator Ermil Gheorghiu", in Balotești
Air Operations Centre, in Balotești
Radar Station, in Ovidiu, with AN/FPS-117(V)
Radar Station, at Giarmata Airport, with AN/FPS-117(V)
Radar Station, in Suceava, with AN/FPS-117(V)
Radar Station, in Craiova (Cârcea), with AN/FPS-117(V)
Radar Station, on Muntele Mare, with AN/FPS-117(V)
76th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Brigade "Dacia", in Moara Vlăsiei
1st Airspace Surveillance Group "General Neculai Iordache", at 86th Air Base, in Fetești
2nd Airspace Surveillance Group "General Pompiliu Ionescu", at 95th Air Base, in Bacău
3rd Airspace Surveillance Group "General Vasile Mihalache", at 71st Air Base, in Câmpia Turzii
4th Electronic Warfare Group "Locotenent-colonel Mihai Cană", in Domnești




= Slovakia

=

The Slovak Air Force's Air Operations Centre is located at Zvolen and reports to CAOC Uedem.

Air Force Command, in Zvolen
2nd Air Force Brigade, in Zvolen
Air Operations Center, in Zvolen
Radar Surveillance Battalion, in Zvolen (6× EL/M-2084M-MMR radars)
Command and Support Company, in Zvolen
1st Radar Surveillance Company, in Michalovce
2nd Radar Surveillance Company, in Veľká Ida
3rd Radar Surveillance Company, in Ožďany
4th Radar Surveillance Company, in Močiar
5th Radar Surveillance Company, in Hlohovec
6th Radar Surveillance Company, in Mierovo
7th Radar Surveillance Company, in Prešov
8th Radar Surveillance Company, in Voderady




= Slovenia

=

The Slovenian Air Force and Air Defense's Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre is headquartered in Brnik and reports to CAOC Torrejón.
The Italian Air Force's 4th Wing at Grosseto Air Base and 36th Wing at Gioia del Colle Air Base rotate a QRA flight of Eurofighter Typhoons to Istrana Air Base, which are responsible for the air defense of Northern Italy and Slovenia.

Forces Command, in Vrhnika
15th Military Aviation Regiment, at Cerklje ob Krki Air Base
16th Airspace Surveillance and Control Battalion in Brnik
Airspace Surveillance and Control Centre, in Brnik
1st Radar Station, in Vrhnika, with GM 403
2nd Radar Station, in Hočko Pohorje, with GM 403




= Spain

=

The Spanish Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 8) at Torrejón Air Base was deactivated in 2013 and replaced at same location by CAOC Torrejon, which took over the functions of CAOC 5, CAOC 7, CAOC 8 and CAOC 10. CAOC Torrejón is responsible for the NATO airspace South of the Alps.

Combat Air Command, at Torrejón Air Base
Combat Air Command Headquarter (CGMACOM), at Torrejón Air Base
Air Operations Centre / NATO CAOC Torrejón
Command and Control Systems Headquarter (JSMC), at Torrejón Air Base
Central Command and Control Group (GRUCEMAC), at Torrejón Air Base
Northern Command and Control Group (GRUNOMAC), at Zaragoza Air Base
Mobile Air Control Group (GRUMOCA) at Tablada Air Base
1st Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 1) radar station, at Air Station El Frasno, with LANZA 3-D
2nd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 2) radar station, at Air Station Villatobas, with RAT-31SL/T
3rd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 3) radar station, at Air Station Constantina, with LANZA 3-D
4th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 4) radar station, at Air Station Roses, with LANZA 3-D
5th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 5) radar station, at Air Station Aitana, with RAT-31SL/T
7th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 7) radar station, at Air Station Puig Major, with LANZA 3-D
9th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 9) radar station, at Air Station Motril, with RAT-31SL/T
10th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 10) radar station, at Air Station Barbanza, with LANZA 3-D
11th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 11) radar station, at Air Station Alcalá de los Gazules, with LANZA 3-D
12th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 12) radar station, at Air Station Espinosa de los Monteros, with RAT-31SL/T
13th Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 13) radar station, at Air Station Sierra Espuña, with LANZA 3-D
21st Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 21) radar station, at Vega de San Mateo on Gran Canaria, with LANZA 3-D
22nd Air Surveillance Squadron (EVA 22) radar station, in Haría on Lanzarote, with RAT-31SL/T




= Turkey

=

The Turkish Air Force's Combined Air Operations Centre (CAOC 6) in Eskişehir was deactivated in 2013 and its responsibilities were transferred to CAOC Torrejón in Spain. Turkey's Air Force fields a mix of HR-3000, AN/FPS-117, RAT-31SL and RAT-31DL radars, however the exact number of each of these radar and their location in the Turkish radar system is unknown.

Air Force Command (COA), in
Control and Reporting Centre, in Ahlatlıbel
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Ahlatlıbel, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Körfez, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Karabelen, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Çanakkale, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Erzurum, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Datça, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in İnebolu, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in İskenderun, with
Aerial Surveillance Radar Post, in Rize, with




= United Kingdom

=

The Royal Air Force's Air Surveillance and Control System is located at RAF Boulmer, and reports to CAOC Uedem. The RAF operates seven Remote Radar Heads (RRHs) across the UK, which feed back to the Control and Reporting Centre at RAF Boulmer. Under Project Guardian, all of the UK's radar stations and systems are being upgraded and strengthened. The UK is also unique in Europe in possessing a Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) which is based at RAF Fylingdales.

National Air and Space Operations Centre (NASOC), at RAF High Wycombe
Control and Reporting Centre, at RAF Boulmer
RRH Benbecula, in North Uist, with AMES Type 92
RRH Brizlee Wood, in Shipley, with AMES Type 92
RRH Buchan, in Boddam, with AMES Type 92
RRH Saxa Vord, in Unst, with AMES Type 92
RRH Neatishead, in Neatishead, with AMES Type 92
RRH Staxton Wold, in Scarborough, with AMES Type 92
RRH Portreath, in Portreath, with AMES Type 101
Ballistic Missile Early Warning System, at RAF Fylingdales with AN/FPS-126




= United States

=
The United States Air Force's control centres and radar stations are part of the Canadian/American North American Aerospace Defense Command.




Non-NATO European air defense systems






= Austria

=

Austrian Air Force - GOLDHAUBE system:
Command and Control Center "Basisraum", in St Johann im Pongau
Kolomansberg Radar Station
Großer Speikkogel Radar Station
Steinmandl Radar Station




= Switzerland

=

Swiss Air Force - FLORAKO system:
Air Defence & Direction Center, at Dübendorf Air Base
Pilatus Radar Station
Scopi Radar Station
Weisshorn Radar Station
Weissfluh Radar Station




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II
• Pesawat peringatan dini
• Boeing AH-64 Apache
• KRI Sultan Iskandar Muda (367)
• KRI Frans Kaisiepo (368)
• Israel
• Kapal perusak Type 45
• NATO Integrated Air Defense System
• Slovak Air Force
• Medium Extended Air Defense System
• Missile defense
• Albanian Air Force
• Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense System
• Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses
• Combined Air Operations Centre
• Allied Air Command
• NATO Defense College