• Source: Please Understand Me

Please Understand Me: Character and Temperament Types (first published in 1978 as Please Understand Me: An Essay on Temperament Styles) is a psychology book written by David Keirsey and Marilyn Bates which focuses on the classification and categorization of personality types. The book contains a self-assessed personality questionnaire, known as the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, which links human behavioral patterns to four temperament types and sixteen character types. Once the reader's personality type has been ascertained, there are detailed profiles which describe the characteristics of that type.
Based upon the notion that people's values differ fundamentally from one another, Keirsey drew upon the views of several psychologists or psychiatrists: Ernst Kretschmer, Erich Adickes, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and Isabel Myers who are all mentioned as predecessors in the psychology of temperament or personality. Of these methods, preference is given to the Myers–Briggs test when determining personality type.




Sixteen personality types


Keirsey and Bates offer a personality inventory to help readers identify their type. They are taken from the Myers–Briggs Personality Inventory. The sets of indicated preferences create sixteen types:

E or I (Extraversion vs. Introversion)
N or S (INtuition vs. Sensation)
T or F (Thinking vs. Feeling)
J or P (Judging vs. Perceiving)
An appendix offers a concise profile description for each of the sixteen types.




Four temperament types


Then Keirsey simplifies these sixteen types into four groups, whose archetypes he equates with the classical four temperaments: SP (Artisan), SJ (Guardian), NT (Rational), and NF (Idealist).

SP (ISTP, ISFP, ESTP, ESFP): Called the Dionysian or Artisan temperament
SJ (ISTJ, ISFJ, ESTJ, ESFJ): Called the Epimethean or Guardian temperament
NT (INTJ, ENTP, INTP, ENTJ): Called the Promethean or Rational temperament
NF (INFJ, ENFP, INFP, ENFJ): Called the Apollonian or Idealist temperament
Keirsey organizes the groups asymmetrically, asserting Thinking vs. Feeling as the most salient distinction among intuitives, but Judging vs. Perceiving as the most salient distinction among Sensers. His methodology emphasizes the four temperaments, as he defines them, to generalize about different aptitudes and needs.
Please Understand Me II (1998) is a sequel, whose methodology generalizes more so according to these four categories.




References



Bibliography

Keirsey, David; Bates, Marilyn (1984). Please Understand Me: Character & Temperament Types (Fifth ed.). Prometheus Nemesis Book Company. ISBN 0-9606954-0-0.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Tipe Kepribadian Keirsey
• Humoralisme
• Bruno Mars
• Watashi ni Tenshi ga Maiorita!
• Jeet Kune Do
• Penghargaan Grammy ke-51
• Jang Hyuk
• Arthur Schopenhauer
• Yukari Tamura
• Gimme More
• Please Understand Me
• David Keirsey
• Keirsey Temperament Sorter
• Four temperaments
• Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
• Mo Collins
• Pum (disambiguation)
• Metanoia (psychology)
• Personality type
• Personality psychology