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- Carbon sink
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- Deforestation
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- Oceanic carbon cycle
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- Carbonate–silicate cycle
- What are the world’s biggest natural carbon sinks?
- Wetlands, the forgotten carbon sink that can help mitigate impact …
- 10 climate terms you need to know - The World Economic Forum
- How much carbon does the ocean absorb? | World Economic Forum
- Collaboration for Earth’s largest tropical forest reserve
- How a desert became a carbon sink zone | World Economic Forum
- How can agriculture tap into the potential of soil as a carbon sink
- How carbon-smart farming can feed us and fight climate change
- These 8 countries have already achieved net-zero emissions
- Afforestation can help to tackle climate change. Here's how
The Abyss (1989)
Carbon sink GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
A carbon sink is a natural or artificial carbon sequestration process that "removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere".: 2249 These sinks form an important part of the natural carbon cycle. An overarching term is carbon pool, which is all the places where carbon on Earth can be, i.e. the atmosphere, oceans, soil, florae, fossil fuel reservoirs and so forth. A carbon sink is a type of carbon pool that has the capability to take up more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases.
Globally, the two most important carbon sinks are vegetation and the ocean. Soil is an important carbon storage medium. Much of the organic carbon retained in the soil of agricultural areas has been depleted due to intensive farming. Blue carbon designates carbon that is fixed via certain marine ecosystems. Coastal blue carbon includes mangroves, salt marshes and seagrasses. These make up a majority of ocean plant life and store large quantities of carbon. Deep blue carbon is located in international waters and includes carbon contained in "continental shelf waters, deep-sea waters and the sea floor beneath them".
For climate change mitigation purposes, the maintenance and enhancement of natural carbon sinks, mainly soils and forests, is important. In the past, human practices like deforestation and industrial agriculture have depleted natural carbon sinks. This kind of land use change has been one of the causes of climate change.
Definition
In the context of climate change and in particular mitigation, a sink is defined as "Any process, activity or mechanism which removes a greenhouse gas, an aerosol or a precursor of a greenhouse gas from the atmosphere".: 2249
In the case of non-CO2 greenhouse gases, sinks need not store the gas. Instead they can break it down into substances that have a reduced effect on global warming. For example, nitrous oxide can be reduced to harmless N2.
Related terms are "carbon pool, reservoir, sequestration, source and uptake".: 2249 The same publication defines carbon pool as "a reservoir in the Earth system where elements, such as carbon [...], reside in various chemical forms for a period of time.": 2244
Both carbon pools and carbon sinks are important concepts in understanding the carbon cycle, but they refer to slightly different things. A carbon pool can be thought of as the overarching term, and carbon sink is then a particular type of carbon pool: A carbon pool is all the places where carbon can be stored (for example the atmosphere, oceans, soil, plants, and fossil fuels).: 2244
Types
The amount of carbon dioxide varies naturally in a dynamic equilibrium with photosynthesis of land plants. The natural carbon sinks are:
Soil is a carbon store and active carbon sink.
Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants with grass and trees allows them to serve as carbon sinks during growing seasons.
Absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans via solubility and biological pumps.
Artificial carbon sinks are those that store carbon in building materials or deep underground (geologic carbon sequestration). No major artificial systems remove carbon from the atmosphere on a large scale yet.
Public awareness of the significance of CO2 sinks has grown since passage of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, which promotes their use as a form of carbon offset.
Natural carbon sinks
= Soils
=Soils represent a short to long-term carbon storage medium and contain more carbon than all terrestrial vegetation and the atmosphere combined. Plant litter and other biomass including charcoal accumulates as organic matter in soils, and is degraded by chemical weathering and biological degradation. More recalcitrant organic carbon polymers such as cellulose, hemi-cellulose, lignin, aliphatic compounds, waxes and terpenoids are collectively retained as humus.
Organic matter tends to accumulate in litter and soils of colder regions such as the boreal forests of North America and the Taiga of Russia. Leaf litter and humus are rapidly oxidized and poorly retained in sub-tropical and tropical climate conditions due to high temperatures and extensive leaching by rainfall. Areas, where shifting cultivation or slash and burn agriculture are practiced, are generally only fertile for two to three years before they are abandoned. These tropical jungles are similar to coral reefs in that they are highly efficient at conserving and circulating necessary nutrients, which explains their lushness in a nutrient desert.
Grasslands contribute to soil organic matter, stored mainly in their extensive fibrous root mats. Due in part to the climatic conditions of these regions (e.g., cooler temperatures and semi-arid to arid conditions), these soils can accumulate significant quantities of organic matter. This can vary based on rainfall, the length of the winter season, and the frequency of naturally occurring lightning-induced grass-fires. While these fires release carbon dioxide, they improve the quality of the grasslands overall, in turn increasing the amount of carbon retained in the humic material. They also deposit carbon directly into the soil in the form of biochar that does not significantly degrade back to carbon dioxide.
Much organic carbon retained in many agricultural areas worldwide has been severely depleted due to intensive farming practices. Since the 1850s, a large proportion of the world's grasslands have been tilled and converted to croplands, allowing the rapid oxidation of large quantities of soil organic carbon. Methods that significantly enhance carbon sequestration in soil are called carbon farming. They include for example no-till farming, residue mulching, cover cropping, and crop rotation.
= Forests
== Deep ocean, tidal marshes, mangroves and seagrasses
=Enhancing natural carbon sinks
= Purpose in the context of climate change
== Carbon sequestration techniques in oceans
=To enhance carbon sequestration processes in oceans the following technologies have been proposed but none have achieved large scale application so far: Seaweed farming, ocean fertilisation, artificial upwelling, basalt storage, mineralization and deep sea sediments, adding bases to neutralize acids. The idea of direct deep-sea carbon dioxide injection has been abandoned.
Artificial carbon sinks
= Geologic carbon sequestration
== Wooden buildings
=Broad-base adoption of mass timber and their role in substituting steel and concrete in new mid-rise construction projects over the next few decades has the potential to turn timber buildings into carbon sinks, as they store the carbon dioxide taken up from the air by trees that are harvested and used as mass timber. This could result in storing between 10 million tons of carbon per year in the lowest scenario and close to 700 million tons in the highest scenario. For this to happen, the harvested forests would need to be sustainably managed and wood from demolished timber buildings would need to be reused or preserved on land in various forms.
See also
Carbon budget
Forest management
Reforestation
References
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Daftar Isi
What are the world’s biggest natural carbon sinks?
Jul 26, 2023 · Natural carbon sinks absorb roughly half of atmospheric CO2. They range from the oceans and forests to elephants and fungi and are some of the few solutions that are ready …
Wetlands, the forgotten carbon sink that can help mitigate impact …
Dec 21, 2023 · Wetlands store 20% of organic ecosystem carbon According to a 2022 paper published in Science , wetlands such as peatlands, mangrove forests, salt marshes and …
10 climate terms you need to know - The World Economic Forum
Feb 1, 2024 · Carbon sink This means they can help to combat climate change by removing CO2 from the atmosphere, helping to slow global warming as a result. Examples of carbon sinks …
How much carbon does the ocean absorb? | World Economic Forum
Oct 1, 2020 · Implications of a larger ocean carbon sink A larger ocean sink could imply that CO2 emissions are larger than currently thought or that the land sink is smaller than we currently …
Collaboration for Earth’s largest tropical forest reserve
Feb 7, 2025 · The Congo Basin is the world's largest tropical forest carbon sink, 60% of which is located in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The Kivu-Kinshasa Green Corridor aims …
How a desert became a carbon sink zone | World Economic Forum
Aug 5, 2015 · This qualifies the Tarim basin as what experts call a carbon sink zone, where carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere in significant amounts. Most carbon sink …
How can agriculture tap into the potential of soil as a carbon sink
Dec 13, 2023 · Soil is a major carbon sink, but many agricultural practices release carbon. No-till farming, cover crops, and crop rotation can store carbon in soil. These practices improve soil …
How carbon-smart farming can feed us and fight climate change
Aug 3, 2020 · Soil can take in more CO2 from the atmosphere than it releases, making it a carbon sink. The carbon sink capacity of the world's agricultural and degraded soils is 50 to 66% of …
These 8 countries have already achieved net-zero emissions
Dec 16, 2022 · But a handful of ‘carbon sink’ countries already have their emissions in check. Net zero emissions is achieved when more carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere each …
Afforestation can help to tackle climate change. Here's how
Nov 3, 2021 · Solar energy supports the clean water supply, temperature and humidity control, and lighting conditions required to nurture saplings, creating a carbon-neutral forest. Since the …