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Ceratioidei, the deep-sea anglerfishes or pelagic anglerfishes, is a suborder of marine ray-finned fishes, one of four suborders in the order Lophiiformes, the anglerfishes. These fishes are found in tropical and temperate seas throughout the world.
The deep-sea anglerfishes exhibit extreme sexual dimorphism. The males are many times smaller than the females; a male seeks out a female, using its sharp teeth to clamp onto the female, where the male remains for the rest of its life. In some species, the male becomes part of the female. This is the only known natural example of a process called parabiosis. Another common trait of deep-sea anglerfishes is that they use bioluminescence on their esca to attract prey in the darkness of the deep oceans they inhabit.




Taxonomy


Ceratioidei was first proposed as a grouping in 1912 by the English ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan as the division Ceratiformes within the suborder Lophoidea of the order Pediculati, which included the Batrachoididae. The Batrachoididae are not considered to be closely related to the anglerfishes, which are now included in the order Lophiiformes. Ceratioidei are in the same clade as the Chaunacoidei with the Antennarioidei and the Ogcocephaloidei as the sisters of that clade. The 5th edition of Fishes of the World treats this grouping as a suborder within the Lophiiformes.




= Evolution

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A 2024 study found that although the ceratioids likely diverged from the Chaunacidae during the Paleocene, the diversification into their multiple modern families only occurred throughout the Eocene following the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. This likely also coincides with their colonization of deep-sea habitats. Prior to these radiations, ancestral ceratioids evolved extreme sexual size dimorphism and independently lost adaptive immune genes such as aicda, which allowed male anglerfishes to fuse with females, ultimately leading to the evolution of their sexual parasitism.
Owing to the extreme environments they inhabit, fossil remains of deep-sea anglerfishes are very rare in the geologic record. Only a few formations worldwide preserve them, which tend to have been deposited in tectonically active regions where deep-sea sediments could be uplifted to the surface. These include the Puente Formation of California, USA, and the Kurasi Formation of Sakhalin Island, Russia. These formations date to the mid-late Miocene.




Etymology


Ceratioidei takes its name from the genus Ceratias, the type genus of the family Ceratidae and of the suborder. Ceratias means "horn bearer", an allusion to the esca sticking up from the snout.




Families



Ceratioidei contains the following families:

Caulophrynidae Goode & Bean, 1896 (Fanfins)
Neoceratiidae Regan, 1926 (Spiny seadevils)
Melanocetidae Gill, 1878 (Black seadevils)
Himantolophidae Gill, 1861 (Footballfishes)
Diceratiidae Regan & Trewavas, 1932 (Double anglers)
Oneirodidae Gill, 1878 (Dreamers)
Thaumatichthyidae Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (Wolftrap anglers)
Centrophrynidae Bertelsen, 1951 (Prickly seadevils)
Ceratiidae Gill, 1861 (Warty seadevils)
Gigantactinidae Boulenger, 1904 (Whipnose anglers)
Linophrynidae Regan, 1925 (Leftvents)




References

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Lophiiformes
• Setan laut hitam
• Perayan
• Ceratioidei
• Anglerfish
• Ceratiidae
• Black seadevil
• Triplewart seadevil
• Leftvent
• Fanfin
• Footballfish
• Bufoceratias shaoi
• Krøyer's deep sea angler fish

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