dorzolamide

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      Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. It is used as an eye drop. Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hours. It is also available as the combination dorzolamide/timolol.
      Common side effects include eye discomfort, eye redness, taste changes, and blurry vision. Serious side effects include Steven Johnson syndrome. Those allergic to sulfonamides may be allergic to dorzolamide. Use is not recommended in pregnancy or breastfeeding. It is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and works by decreasing the production of aqueous humor.
      Dorzolamide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1994. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 201st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 2 million prescriptions.


      Medical uses



      Dorzolamide is used to lower excessive intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. This drug is able to cross the cornea, reach the ciliary body of the eye, and produce systemic effects on the carbonic anhydrase enzyme within the eye.


      Side effects


      Ocular stinging, burning, itching and bitter taste. It causes shallowing of the anterior chamber and leads to transient myopia. As a second generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, dorzolamide avoids systemic effects associated with first generation carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, and dichlorphenamide.


      Pharmacodynamics



      Dorzolamide lowers intraocular pressure by about 20%. Normally, carbonic anhydrase converts carbonic acid (H2CO3) into bicarbonate (HCO3), releasing a proton (H+) into solution. The H+ is then exchanged for sodium (Na+) ions, which facilitates the production of aqueous humor . By blocking the function of carbonic anhydrase, the Na+/H+ exchange is unable to occur, which leads to a decrease in Na+ in the cell and prevents aqueous humor production .


      History


      Dorzolamide, developed by Merck, was the first medication in human therapy (market introduction 1995) that resulted from structure-based drug design. It was developed to circumvent the systemic side effects of acetazolamide which has to be taken orally.


      References




      Further reading


      Kubinyi H (1999). "Chance favors the prepared mind--from serendipity to rational drug design". J Recept Signal Transduct Res. 19 (1–4): 15–39. doi:10.3109/10799899909036635. PMID 10071748.
      Plummer C, MacKay E, Gelatt K (2006). "Comparison of the effects of topical administration of a fixed combination of dorzolamide-timolol to monotherapy with timolol or dorzolamide on IOP, pupil size, and heart rate in glaucomatous dogs". Veterinary Ophthalmology. 9 (4): 245–9. doi:10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00469.x. PMID 16771760.
      Grover S, Apushkin M, Fishman G (2006). "Topical dorzolamide for the treatment of cystoid macular edema in patients with retinitis pigmentosa". Am J Ophthalmol. 141 (5): 850–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2005.12.030. PMID 16546110.
      Almeida G, Faria e Souza S (2006). "Effect of topical dorzolamide on rabbit central corneal thickness". Braz J Med Biol Res. 39 (2): 277–81. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X2006000200015. PMID 16470316. S2CID 31212591.

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    dorzolamide

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    Dorzolamide: Indications, Side Effects, Warnings - Drugs.com

    Apr 11, 2024 · Generic name: Dorzolamide [ dor-ZOLE-a-mide ] Brand name: Trusopt Drug class: Ophthalmic glaucoma agents. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Apr 11, 2024. Uses; Before taking; Warnings; Dosage; Side effects; Overdose; Uses of Dorzolamide: It is used to treat glaucoma. It is used to lower high eye pressure.

    Dorzolamide - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD

    Aug 15, 2024 · What is dorzolamide used for? Dorzolamide is commonly used to lower pressure inside the eye in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. These conditions cause increased pressure...

    Dorzolamide (ophthalmic route) - Mayo Clinic

    Feb 1, 2025 · Dorzolamide ophthalmic (eye) drops is used to treat increased pressure in the eye caused by open-angle glaucoma or a condition called hypertension of the eye. Both eye conditions are caused by high pressure in your eye and can lead to pain from pressure in your eye and then can eventually harm your vision.

    Dorzolamide - Wikipedia

    Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. [3] It is used as an eye drop. [3] Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hours. [3] It is also available as the combination dorzolamide/timolol. [3] [4]

    Dorzolamide Ophthalmic Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term - Drugs.com

    Nov 4, 2024 · Learn about the side effects of dorzolamide ophthalmic, from common to rare, for consumers and healthcare professionals.

    Dorzolamide/Timolol (Cosopt) - Uses, Side Effects, and More - WebMD

    Aug 15, 2024 · Dorzolamide/timolol is commonly used to lower pressure inside the eye in people with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. These conditions cause increased pressure inside the eye.

    Dorzolamide ophthalmic Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com

    Aug 4, 2023 · Dorzolamide ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat open-angle glaucoma and other causes of high pressure inside the eye. Dorzolamide ophthalmic may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

    Dorzolamide (Trusopt): Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & More - GoodRx

    Nov 1, 2024 · Dorzolamide is an eye drop medication used to treat high pressure in the eye in people with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The dosage is 1 drop applied directly into the affected eye (s) three times per day. It's available as a generic only as the brand-name medication Trusopt has been discontinued.

    Dorzolamide Ophthalmic: MedlinePlus Drug Information

    Ophthalmic dorzolamide is used to treat glaucoma, a condition in which increased pressure in the eye can lead to gradual loss of vision. Dorzolamide is in a class of medications called carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. It works by decreasing the pressure in the eye.

    Dorzolamide: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action

    Dorzolamide is a non-bacteriostatic sulfonamide derivative 2 and topical carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor that treats elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. 6 It works by blocking an enzyme in the ciliary process that regulates ion balance and fluid pressure in the eyes. 1 Unlike oral ...