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extreme cinema
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Extreme cinema (or hardcore horror and extreme horror) is a subgenre used for films distinguished by its use of excessive sex and violence, and depiction of extreme acts such as mutilation and torture. The rising popularity of Asian films in the 21st century has contributed to the growth of extreme cinema, although extreme cinema is still considered to be a horror film-based genre. Being a relatively recent genre, extreme cinema is controversial and widely unaccepted by the mainstream media. Extreme cinema films target a specific and small audience group.
History
The history of extreme cinema can be traced back to censorship of art films and advertising tactics for classical exploitation films to Anglophone markets alongside later liberal representations of sex in the first half of the 20th century onwards.
The name "extreme cinema" originated from a "line of Asian films that share a combination of sensational features, such as extreme violence, horror and shocking plots". Extreme cinema can be rooted as "Asian Extreme", the term for Japanese and other Asian films used to its excessive nature. Early examples of Asian Extreme such as Ring (1998) and Battle Royale (2000).
Notable films
Notable directors
Catherine Breillat
Carlos Reygadas
Gaspar Noé
Peter Jackson
John Waters
Wes Craven
Uwe Boll
Bruno Dumont
Lars von Trier
Takashi Miike
Pier Paolo Pasolini
Michael Haneke
Eli Roth
Sion Sono
Herschell Gordon Lewis
Jim Van Bebber
Lloyd Kaufman
Harmony Korine
Khavn De La Cruz
Controversy and legacy
Extreme cinema is highly criticized and debated by film critics and the general public. There have been debates over the hypersexualization that makes these films a threat to the 'mainstream' community standards.
There has also been criticism over the increasing use of violence in modern-day films. Ever since the emergence of slasher-gore films in the 1970s, the rising popularity of extreme cinema has contributed to the casual violence in popular media. Some criticize the easy exposure and unintended targeting of adolescents by extreme cinema films.
Pink Flamingos is inducted into the National Film Registry. Requiem for a Dream and Oldboy were named on the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century. The behind-the-scenes look at Cannibal Holocaust was the subject of a Season 2 episode of the documentary series Cursed Films.
At the 97th Academy Awards, The Substance was nominated for five awards, including Best Picture, Best Director for Coralie Fargeat and Best Actress for Demi Moore (the former becoming the ninth woman nominated for directing).
See also
Art horror
Arthouse action film
Dogme 95
Exploitation film
Giallo
Grindhouse
Hurtcore
Mondo film
New French Extremity
Snuff film
Social thriller
Splat Pack
Splatter film
Vulgar auteurism
References
Sources
Totaro, Donato (2003). "Sex and Violence: Journey into Extreme Cinema". Offscreen. 7 (11).
King, Mike (2009). The American Cinema of Excess: Extremes of the National Mind on Film. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-3988-1.
"Media's New Mood: Sexual Violence". Center for Media Literacy.
Fyfe, Kristen. "More Violence, More Sex, More Troubled Kids." Media Research Center. MRC Culture, 11 Jan. 2007. Web. 9 Feb. 2016
Pett, Emma (2 January 2015). "A new media landscape? The BBFC, extreme cinema as cult, and technological change". New Review of Film and Television Studies. 13 (1): 83–99. doi:10.1080/17400309.2014.982910. S2CID 146431677.
Dirks, Tim. "100 Most Controversial Films of All Time." 100 Most Controversial Films of All Time. Filmsite, n.d. Web. 9 Feb. 2016.
Sapolsky, Burry S.; Molitor, Fred; Luque, Sarah (March 2003). "Sex and Violence in Slasher Films: Re-examining the Assumptions". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 80 (1): 28–38. doi:10.1177/107769900308000103. S2CID 143908234.
Sargent, James D; Heatherton, Todd F; Ahrens, M.Bridget; Dalton, Madeline A; Tickle, Jennifer J; Beach, Michael L (December 2002). "Adolescent exposure to extremely violent movies". Journal of Adolescent Health. 31 (6): 449–454. doi:10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00399-3. PMID 12457577.
External links
Extreme Cinema:Top 25 Most Disturbing Films of All Time on Horror News
Butcher Block articles about extreme cinema on Bloody Disgusting
Introduction: American Extreme on Senses of Cinema