folly

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      In architecture, a folly is a building constructed primarily for decoration, but suggesting through its appearance some other purpose, or of such extravagant appearance that it transcends the range of usual garden buildings.
      Eighteenth-century English landscape gardening and French landscape gardening often featured mock Roman temples, symbolising classical virtues. Other 18th-century garden follies imitated Chinese temples, Egyptian pyramids, ruined medieval castles or abbeys, or Tatar tents, to represent different continents or historical eras. Sometimes they represented rustic villages, mills and cottages, to symbolise rural virtues. Many follies, particularly during times of famine, such as the Great Famine in Ireland, were built as a form of poor relief, to provide employment for peasants and unemployed artisans.
      In English, the term began as "a popular name for any costly structure considered to have shown folly in the builder", the Oxford English Dictionary's definition. Follies are often named after the individual who commissioned or designed the project. The connotations of silliness or madness in this definition is in accord with the general meaning of the French word folie; however, another older meaning of this word is "delight" or "favourite abode". This sense included conventional, practical buildings that were thought unduly large or expensive, such as Beckford's Folly, an extremely expensive early Gothic Revival country house that collapsed under the weight of its tower in 1825, 12 years after completion.
      As a general term, "folly" is usually applied to a small building that appears to have no practical purpose or the purpose of which appears less important than its striking and unusual design, but the term is ultimately subjective, so a precise definition is not possible.


      Characteristics



      The concept of the folly is subjective and it has been suggested that the definition of a folly "lies in the eyes of the beholder". Typical characteristics include:

      They have no purpose other than as an ornament. Often they have some of the appearance of a building constructed for a particular purpose, such as a castle or tower, but this appearance is a sham. Equally, if they have a purpose, it may be disguised.
      They are buildings, or parts of buildings. Thus they are distinguished from other garden ornaments such as sculpture.
      They are purpose-built. Follies are deliberately built as ornaments.
      They are often eccentric in design or construction. This is not strictly necessary; however, it is common for these structures to call attention to themselves through unusual details or form.
      There is often an element of fakery in their construction. The canonical example of this is the sham ruin: a folly which pretends to be the remains of an old building but which was in fact constructed in that state.
      They were built or commissioned for pleasure.


      History



      Follies began as decorative accents on the great estates of the late 16th and early 17th centuries, but they flourished especially in the two centuries which followed. Many estates had ruins of monastic houses and (in Italy) Roman villas; others, lacking such buildings, constructed their own sham versions of these romantic structures.
      However, very few follies are completely without a practical purpose. Apart from their decorative aspect, many originally had a use which was lost later, such as hunting towers. Follies are misunderstood structures, according to The Folly Fellowship, a charity that exists to celebrate the history and splendour of these often neglected buildings.


      = Follies in 18th-century French and English gardens

      =

      Follies (French: fabriques) were an important feature of the English garden and French landscape garden in the 18th century, such as Stowe and Stourhead in England and Ermenonville and the gardens of Versailles in France. They were usually in the form of Roman temples, ruined Gothic abbeys, or Egyptian pyramids. Painshill Park in Surrey contained almost a full set, with a large Gothic tower and various other Gothic buildings, a Roman temple, a hermit's retreat with resident hermit, a Turkish tent, a shell-encrusted water grotto and other features. In France they sometimes took the form of romantic farmhouses, mills and cottages, as in Marie Antoinette's Hameau de la Reine at Versailles. Sometimes they were copied from landscape paintings by painters such as Claude Lorrain and Hubert Robert. Often, they had symbolic importance, illustrating the virtues of ancient Rome, or the virtues of country life. The temple of philosophy at Ermenonville, left unfinished, symbolised that knowledge would never be complete, while the temple of modern virtues at Stowe was deliberately ruined, to show the decay of contemporary morals.
      Later in the 18th century, the follies became more exotic, representing other parts of the world, including Chinese pagodas, Japanese bridges, and Tatar tents.


      = Famine follies

      =
      The Great Famine of Ireland of 1845–1849 led to the building of several follies in order to provide relief to the poor without issuing unconditional handouts. However, to hire the needy for work on useful projects would deprive existing workers of their jobs. Thus, construction projects termed "famine follies" came to be built. These included roads in the middle of nowhere, between two seemingly random points, screen and estate walls, piers in the middle of bogs, etc.


      Examples



      Follies are found worldwide, but they are particularly abundant in Great Britain.


      = Australia

      =
      Eastlink hotel, in Victoria


      = Austria

      =
      Roman ruin and gloriettes, in the park of Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna


      = Belgium

      =
      Hassenspark toren in the Hassenspark in Vilvoorde, Flemish Brabant


      = Canada

      =
      Dundurn Castle in Hamilton, Ontario


      = Czech Republic

      =

      Series of buildings in Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
      Chinese Pavilions in chateau gardens in Vlašim, Děčín Krásný Dvůr


      = France

      =
      Chanteloup Pagoda, near Amboise
      Désert de Retz, folly garden in Chambourcy near Paris, France (18th century)
      Parc de la Villette in Paris has a number of modern follies by architect Bernard Tschumi.
      The Ideal Palace of Ferdinand Cheval in Hauterives, seen as an example of naive architecture.
      Hameau de la Reine, in the park of the Château de Versailles
      The Grottoes of Ferrand, in Saint-Hippolyte, Gironde


      = Germany

      =
      Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe water features
      Lighthouse in the park of Moritzburg Castle near Dresden
      Mosque in the Schwetzingen Castle gardens
      Pfaueninsel artificial ruin, Berlin
      Ruinenberg near Sanssouci Park, Potsdam


      = Hungary

      =
      Bory Castle at Székesfehérvár
      Taródi Castle at Sopron
      Vajdahunyad vára in the City Park of Budapest


      = India

      =
      Overbury's Folly, Thalassery, Kerala
      Rock Garden of Chandigarh


      = Ireland

      =

      Ballysaggartmore Towers, County Waterford
      Carden's Folly
      Casino at Marino
      Conolly's Folly and The Wonderful Barn on the same estate
      Killiney Hill, with several follies
      Larchill in County Kildare, with several follies
      Powerscourt Estate, which contains the Pepperpot Tower
      Saint Anne's Park, which contains a number of follies
      Saint Enda's Park, former school of Patrick Pearse, contains several follies
      The Jealous Wall at Belvedere House near Mullingar, County Westmeath
      Waterloo Round Tower near Blarney, County Cork


      = Italy

      =
      La Scarzuola, Montegabbione
      The Park of the Monsters (Bomarzo Gardens)
      Il Giardino dei Tarocchi near Capalbio


      = Jamaica

      =
      Three follies were built on Folly Estate, Port Antonio, in 1905. They are now in ruins.


      = Malta

      =

      Lija Belvedere Tower


      = Poland

      =

      Roman aqueduct, Arkadia, Łowicz County
      Temple of the Sibyl in Puławy


      = Romania

      =
      Iulia Hasdeu Castle


      = Russia

      =
      Ruined towers in Peterhof, Tsarskoe Selo, Gatchina, and Tsaritsino
      Creaking Pagoda and Chinese Village in Tsarskoe Selo
      Dutch Admiralty in Tsarskoe Selo


      = Spain

      =

      El Capricho, Comillas (Cantabria)


      = Ukraine

      =

      Ruins in Oleksandriia, Bila Tserkva


      = United Kingdom

      =


      England




      Scotland


      The Caldwell Tower, Lugton, Renfrewshire
      Captain Frasers Folly (Uig Tower) Isle of Skye
      Dunmore Pineapple, Falkirk
      Hume Castle, Berwickshire
      Kinnoull Hill Tower, Perth
      McCaig's Tower, Oban, Argyll and Bute
      National Monument, Edinburgh
      Shaw Monument, Prestwick
      The Temple near Castle Semple Loch, Renfrewshire


      Wales



      Clytha Castle, Monmouthshire
      Derry Ormond Tower, Ceredigion
      Folly Tower at Pontypool
      Paxton's Tower, Carmarthenshire
      Portmeirion, known as the setting for several television productions including The Prisoner series
      Gwrych Castle, Conwy County Borough


      = United States

      =

      Bancroft Tower, Worcester, Massachusetts
      Belvedere Castle, New York City
      Bishop Castle, outside of Pueblo, Colorado
      Coral Castle, Homestead, Florida
      Hofmann Tower in Lyons, Illinois
      Kingfisher Tower, Otsego Lake (New York)
      Körner’s Folly, Kernersville, North Carolina
      Lawson Tower, Scituate, Massachusetts
      The Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee
      Vessel, New York, New York
      Watts Towers, Watts, Los Angeles


      See also


      List of garden features
      English garden
      Folly Fellowship
      French landscape garden
      Garden hermit
      Goat tower
      Grotto
      Lustschloss
      Novelty architecture
      Ruin value


      References




      Bibliography




      External links


      Media related to Follies (architecture) at Wikimedia Commons

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    Folly Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    The meaning of FOLLY is lack of good sense or normal prudence and foresight. How to use folly in a sentence.

    Folly - Wikipedia

    In architecture, a folly is a building constructed primarily for decoration, but suggesting through its appearance some other purpose, or of such extravagant appearance that it transcends the range of usual garden buildings.

    FOLLY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary

    FOLLY definition: 1. the fact of being stupid, or a stupid action, idea, etc.: 2. a building in the form of a small…. Learn more.

    Folly - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com

    Folly is a noun that means "foolish or crazy behavior." It would be folly to spend all night playing video games when you have a difficult exam the next day. Folly comes from the Old French word folie meaning "madness, stupidity."

    Folly - definition of folly by The Free Dictionary

    1. the state or quality of being foolish; lack of understanding or sense. 2. a foolish action, practice, idea, etc.; absurdity. 3. a costly and foolish undertaking; unwise investment or expenditure. 5. follies, a theatrical revue. 6. Obs. wickedness; wantonness. [1175–1225; Middle English folie < Old French, derivative of fol, fou foolish, mad.

    folly noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes ...

    Definition of folly noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. [uncountable, countable] a lack of good judgement; the fact of doing something stupid; an activity or idea that shows a lack of judgement synonym stupidity. Giving up a secure job seems to be the height of folly. folly (to do something) It would be folly to turn the offer down.

    FOLLY Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com

    the state or quality of being foolish; lack of understanding or sense. the folly of performing without a rehearsal. a costly and foolish undertaking; unwise investment or expenditure.

    FOLLY | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary

    FOLLY meaning: 1. the fact of being stupid, or a stupid action, idea, etc.: 2. a building in the form of a small…. Learn more.

    folly - Wiktionary, the free dictionary

    Feb 4, 2025 · Foolishness that results from a lack of foresight or lack of practicality. It would be folly to walk all that way, knowing the shops are probably shut by now. Thoughtless action resulting in tragic consequence. The purchase of Alaska from Russia was termed Seward's folly.

    FOLLY definition in American English - Collins Online Dictionary

    FOLLY definition: the state or quality of being foolish ; stupidity ; rashness | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples in American English