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      Foxing is an age-related process of deterioration that causes spots and browning on old paper documents such as books, postage stamps, old paper money and certificates. The name may be a variant form of the English West country dialect term foust and Scots foze, to become moldy. Alternatively, it may derive from the fox-like reddish-brown color of the stains. Paper so affected is said to be "foxed".
      Foxing is seldom found in incunabula, or books printed before 1501. Decrease in rag fibre quality may be a culprit; as demand for paper rose in later centuries, papermakers used less water and spent less time cleansing the rag fibres used to make paper. An early work of art to have been affected by foxing is the Portrait of a Man in Red Chalk, a drawing on paper by Leonardo da Vinci.
      Foxing also occurs in biological study skins or specimens, as an effect of chemical reactions or mold on melanin. Textiles, such as articles of clothing, so affected may also be said to be foxed.
      Aside from foxing, other types of age-related paper deterioration include destruction of the lignin by sunlight and absorbed atmospheric pollution, typically causing the paper to become brown and crumble at the edges, and acid-related damage to cheap paper such as newsprint, which manufacturers make without neutralizing acidic contaminants.


      Causes of foxing


      The causes of foxing are not well understood. One conjecture is that foxing is caused by a fungal growth on the paper. Another is that foxing is caused by the effect on certain papers of the oxidation of iron, copper, or other substances in the pulp or rag from which the paper was made. It is possible that multiple factors are involved. High humidity may contribute to foxing.


      Repairing foxed documents


      Foxed documents can be repaired, with greater or lesser success, using sodium borohydride, proprietary bleaches, dilute hydrogen peroxide or lasers. Each method risks side effects or damage to the paper or ink.
      Another method is to scan the image and process that image using a high-level image processing program. This can usually remove the effects of foxing while leaving text and images intact.


      In biological specimens


      It is generally not advisable to repair study specimens, except perhaps for mechanical damage. Type specimens should – if at all possible – not be altered in any way. If foxing affects the study value of a specimen (e.g. in bird or mammal skins or in insects, where it may affect diagnostic coloration), this might rather be remarked on the specimen label. Color standards can provide a means of documenting coloration before or in the early stages of foxing.


      See also


      List of used book conditions
      Distressing


      References




      External links



      The Library of Congress: 'Preserving Works on Paper'
      Foxing

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    Foxing - Wikipedia

    Foxing is an age-related process of deterioration that causes spots and browning on old paper documents such as books, postage stamps, old paper money and certificates. The name may be a variant form of the English West country dialect term foust and Scots foze , to become moldy. [ 1 ]

    Foxing (band) - Wikipedia

    Foxing is an American indie rock band from St. Louis, Missouri. The band has released five studio albums, a live album, an EP and 14 singles.

    Shop Official Foxing Merch – FoxingMerch

    Aug 20, 2015 · Shirts, Hats, Hoodies & More! Use left/right arrows to navigate the slideshow or swipe left/right if using a mobile device

    Foxing: Foxing Album Review - Pitchfork

    Sep 17, 2024 · No longer daydreaming of planetary apocalypse, Foxing fears not death but dying, the Doomsday Clock that starts up with every morning alarm. The mantras provide grounding and no relief—“You ...

    Foxing Interview: St. Louis Indie/Emo Band Go DIY On New

    Sep 9, 2024 · Both in its creation and its output, Foxing is angsty, angry, and antagonistic. It contains some of their heaviest, most direct material and also their most exploratory and challenging; it sounds...

    Foxing Tickets, 2024-2025 Concert Tour Dates - Ticketmaster

    Oct 14, 2024 · Buy Foxing tickets from the official Ticketmaster.com site. Find Foxing tour schedule, concert details, reviews and photos.

    Foxing on Self-Producing Their New Album, What ‘Foxing’ …

    Sep 12, 2024 · Produced by the band and mixed by guitarist Eric Hudson, the album shares the ambition, rawness, and a lot of the same frustrations as its predecessor, 2021’s Manchester Orchestra-produced Draw Down the Moon, but what makes Foxing astounding is less of a streamlined approach than a sharp attunement to its emotional and aesthetic extremes: the ...

    Foxing: 10 songs that influenced their self-titled album

    Sep 12, 2024 · Foxing guitarist Eric Hudson told us about the songs that influenced their new self-titled album. From Refused to MSPAINT, see the list. The latest record from the fourth-wave emo band embraces...

    Foxing - YouTube

    New album, FOXING, out September 13 2024. Pre-order now at foxingtheband.com

    Foxing

    Sep 13, 2024 · Foxing by Foxing, released 13 September 2024 1. Secret History 2. Hell 99 3. Spit 4. Greyhound 5. Cleaning 6. Barking 7. Kentucky McDonald's 8. Looks Like Nothing 9. Gratitude 10. Dead Cat 11. Dead Internet 12. Hall of Frozen Heads 13. Cry Baby