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      Intifada (Arabic: انتفاضة, romanized: intifāḍah) is an Arabic word for a rebellion or uprising, or a resistance movement. It can be used to refer to an uprising against oppression.
      The word intifada was first used in modern times in 1952, when Iraqi parties took to the streets to protest their monarchy, which was known as the Iraqi Intifada. Other later examples include the Western Sahara's Zemla Intifada, the First Sahrawi Intifada, and the Second Sahrawi Intifada. In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict context, it refers to uprising by Palestinian people against Israeli occupation or Israel, involving both violent and nonviolent methods of resistance, including the First Intifada (1987–1993) and the Second Intifada (2000–2005).
      In English-language usage, the word primarily refers to Palestinian uprisings against Israeli occupation. In Arabic-language usage, any uprising can be referred to as an intifada, including the 1916 Easter Rising, the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, and the 1949 Jeju uprising.


      Etymology


      Intifada is an Arabic word literally meaning, as a noun, "tremor", "shivering", "shuddering". It is derived from an Arabic term nafada meaning "to shake", "shake off", "get rid of", as a dog might shrug off water, or as one might shake off sleep, or dirt from one's sandals.


      History


      In the Palestinian context, the word refers to attempts to "shake off" the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip in the First and Second Intifadas, where it was originally chosen to connote "aggressive nonviolent resistance", a meaning it bore among Palestinian students in struggles in the 1980s and which they adopted as less confrontational than terms in earlier militant rhetoric since it bore no nuance of violence. The First Intifada was characterized by protests, general strikes, economic boycotts, and riots, including the widespread throwing of stones and Molotov cocktails at the Israeli army and its infrastructure in the West Bank and Gaza. The Second Intifada was characterized by a period of heightened violence. The suicide bombings carried out by Palestinian assailants became one of the more prominent features of the Second Intifada and mainly targeted Israeli civilians, contrasting with the relatively less violent nature of the First Intifada.


      = Israeli–Palestinian conflict

      =

      The term Intifada, in context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict refers to major Palestinian uprisings against Israeli control, with the First Intifada occurring between 1987 and 1993 and the Second Intifada between 2000 and 2005, both involving numerous attacks against Israeli civilians and security forces.
      The phrase "Globalize the Intifada" is a slogan used to promote worldwide activism in solidarity with the Palestinian resistance. The chant and its associated chants have caused controversy, particularly concerning their impact and connotations. Critics claimed it encourages widespread violence or terrorism.


      List of events named Intifada


      In Arabic texts, uprisings anywhere can be referred to using the Arabic word "intifada", including, for example, the 1916 Easter Rising (Arabic: انتفاضة الفصح), the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Arabic: انتفاضة غيتو وارسو), and the 1949 Jeju uprising (Arabic: انتفاضة جيجو).
      In English, the word may refer to these events, overwhelmingly in the Arabic-speaking world:

      Iraqi Intifada, a series of strikes and riots in Iraq in 1952, aimed against the Hashemite monarchy rule
      October Revolution, a series of strikes, riots, and demonstrations in Sudan, that ended with the dissolution of the Abbud military regime and the beginning of second civilian rule in 1964
      March Intifada, a leftist uprising against the British colonial presence in Bahrain in March 1965
      Zemla Intifada, against Spanish colonial rule in then Spanish Sahara, in June 1970
      In Lebanese internal conflicts:
      February 6 Intifada (1984), during the Lebanese Civil War
      Cedar Revolution or "Intifada of Independence", the events in Lebanon after Rafic Hariri's 2005 assassination
      The 1984 Egyptian intifada, (October 1, 1984 - October 2, 1984), a bloody uprising and civil resistance movement
      In the Israeli–Palestinian conflict:
      First Intifada, a Palestinian uprising against the Israeli occupation lasting from December 1987 to 1993
      Second Intifada, also called Al-Aqsa Intifada, a period of intensified Israeli-Palestinian violence, which began in late September 2000 and ended around 2005
      2014 Jerusalem unrest, a series of violent acts and attacks in Jerusalem in 2014 sometimes referred to as "Intifada"
      2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict – 2015 escalation in Israeli–Palestinian conflict, sometimes referred to as "Al-Quds Intifada" or "Jerusalem Intifada" or "Knife Intifada"
      2023-present Israel–Hamas war, referred to by some commentators as the Third Intifada
      The ongoing international 2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses, related to the war and sometimes referred to as the Student Intifada
      1990s uprising in Bahrain, an uprising demanding a return to democratic rule, also known as the "1990s Intifada"
      1991 Iraqi uprisings, an armed uprising against Saddam Hussein in Iraq, also known as "Iraqi Intifada of 1991"
      In the Western Sahara conflict:
      First Sahrawi Intifada, protests by Sahrawi activists in the Western Sahara, south of Morocco (1999–2004)
      Second Sahrawi Intifada or Independence Intifada, demonstrations and riots in Western Sahara, south of Morocco, beginning in May 2005
      Gdeim Izik protest camp, also referred as Third Sahrawi Intifada or simply Third Intifada
      2005 French riots referred to be the historian Andrew Hussey as "the French Intifada"
      Arab Spring, a revolutionary wave which began on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia, sometimes referred to as "Intifada":
      Tunisian Revolution, or Tunisian Intifada
      Yemeni Revolution, or Yemeni Intifada
      2011 Egyptian revolution, or Egyptian Intifada
      2011–2013 Sudanese protests, or Sudanese Intifada
      Second Arab Spring, a series of anti-government protests in several Arab countries starting in late 2019, also known as "Arab Spring 2.0":
      17 October Revolution, nicknamed the Tax Intifada
      2019–2021 Iraqi protests, nicknamed Iraqi Intifada


      See also


      The Electronic Intifada, an online publication which covers the Israeli–Palestinian conflict from a Palestinian perspective
      Globalize the Intifada, slogan that has been used for advocating for global activism in support of Palestinian resistance
      Serhildan, sometimes considered the Kurdish equivalent to "intifada".
      International Conference on Supporting Palestine Intifada


      References




      External links



      Andrew Hussey, book 'The French Intifada: how the Arab banlieues are fighting the French state,' The Guardian 23 February 2014

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    Intifada - Wikipedia

    The term Intifada, in context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict refers to major Palestinian uprisings against Israeli control, with the First Intifada occurring between 1987 and 1993 and the Second Intifada between 2000 and 2005, both involving numerous …

    Intifada | History, Meaning, Cause, & Significance | Britannica

    Jan 5, 2025 · intifada, either of two popular uprisings of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip aimed at ending Israel’s occupation of those territories and creating an independent Palestinian state.

    Intifada | What Does 'Intifada' Actually Mean? | The Forward

    Dec 15, 2023 · Intifada connotes an uprising against an oppressor. But that’s a relatively new meaning for the word, which comes from a verb root meaning “to shake off” or “dust off.”

    First Intifada - Wikipedia

    The First Intifada (Arabic: الانتفاضة الأولى, romanized: al-Intifāḍa al-’Ūlā, lit. 'The First Uprising'), also known as the First Palestinian Intifada, [4] [6] was a sustained series of non-violent protests, acts of civil disobedience and riots carried out by Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories and ...

    Intifada Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

    The meaning of INTIFADA is uprising, rebellion; specifically : an armed uprising of Palestinians against Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip. How to use intifada in a sentence.

    Anti-Israel protesters shout ‘long live the intifada’ in NYC vigil for ...

    14 hours ago · Anti-Israel protesters shouted “long live the intifada” while gathering at Washington Square Park. Emily Goldberg/JNS. Julia, who wore a pin that said “Zionist” with a red line crossing it ...

    Chants of 'intifada' ring out from pro-Palestinian protests. But …

    Jun 4, 2024 · Chants calling for "intifada" have been a prominent feature of pro-Palestinian student protests. It's a charged word whose use is perceived differently by people with opposing views of the...

    Palestinian Intifada: How Israel orchestrated a bloody takeover

    Sep 28, 2020 · Palestinian Intifada: How Israel orchestrated a bloody takeover. On the 20th anniversary of the second Intifada, Palestinians remember how Israel sought to entrench its occupation.

    Second Intifada - Wikipedia

    The Second Intifada (Arabic: الانتفاضة الثانية, romanized: al-Intifāḍa aṯ-Ṯāniya, lit. 'The Second Uprising'; Hebrew: האינתיפאדה השנייה, romanized: ha-Intifada ha-Shniya), also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada, [11] was a major uprising by Palestinians against Israel and its occupation from 2000. The period of heightened violence in the Palestinian ...

    Understanding the intifadas and Palestinian resistance

    Intifada is an Arabic word meaning uprising. But what drove the Palestinian populace to rise not once, but twice, against a formidable military power? How did these uprisings shape the course of negotiations and the quest for a two-state solution?