Kiska GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

Kiska (Aleut: Qisxa, Russian: Кыска) is one of the Rat Islands, a group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. It is about 22 miles (35 km) long and varies in width from 1.5 to 6 miles (2.4 to 9.7 km). It is part of Aleutian Islands Wilderness and as such, special permission is required to visit it. The island has no permanent population.




History






= European discovery (1741)

=
In 1741 while returning from his second voyage at sea during the Great Northern Expedition, Danish-born Russian explorer Vitus Bering made the first European discovery of most of the Aleutian Islands, including Kiska. Georg Wilhelm Steller, a naturalist-physician aboard Bering's ship, wrote:

On 25 October 1741 we had very clear weather and sunshine, but even so it hailed at various times in the afternoon. We were surprised in the morning to discover a large tall island at 51° to the north of us.
Prior to European contact, Kiska Island had been densely populated by native peoples for thousands of years.




= After discovery (1741–1939)

=
Kiska, and the other Rat Islands, were reached by independent Russian traders in the 1750s. After the initial exploitation of the sea otter population, Russians rarely visited the island as interest shifted further east. Years would frequently pass without a single ship landing.
Starting in 1775, Kiska, the Aleutian Islands, and mainland Alaska became fur trading outposts for the Russian-American Company managed by Grigory Shelekhov.
In 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward negotiated the purchase of Alaska with the Russian Empire. Kiska was included in the purchase.




= World War II (1939–1945)

=

The Japanese No. 3 Special Landing Party and 500 marines went ashore at Kiska on June 6, 1942, as a separate campaign concurrent with the Japanese plan for the Battle of Midway. The Japanese captured the sole inhabitants of the island: a small United States Navy Weather Detachment consisting of ten men, including a lieutenant, along with their dog. (One member of the detachment escaped for 50 days. Starving, thin, and extremely cold, he eventually surrendered to the Japanese.) The next day the Japanese captured Attu Island.
The military importance of this frozen, difficult-to-supply island was questionable, but the psychological impact upon the Americans of losing U.S. soil to a foreign enemy for the first time since the War of 1812 was tangible. During the winter of 1942–43, the Japanese reinforced and fortified the islands—not necessarily to prepare for an island-hopping operation across the Aleutians, but to prevent a U.S. operation across the Kuril Islands. The U.S. Navy began operations to deny Kiska supply which would lead to the Battle of the Komandorski Islands. During October 1942, American forces undertook seven bombing missions over Kiska, though two were aborted due to weather. Following the winter, Attu was recaptured, and bombing of Kiska resumed until a larger American force was allocated to defeat the expected Japanese garrison of 5,200 men.
The Japanese, aware of the loss of Attu and the impending arrival of the larger Allied force, successfully removed their troops on July 28 under the cover of fog, without being detected by the Allies.
On August 15, 1943, an invasion force consisting of 34,426 Allied troops, including elements of the US 7th Infantry Division, 4th Infantry Regiment, 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, 5,300 Canadians (mainly the 13th Infantry Brigade from the 6th Canadian Infantry Division), with supporting units including two artillery units from the 7th US Infantry Division, 95 ships including three battleships and a heavy cruiser, and 168 aircraft landed on Kiska, only to find the island completely abandoned.
Despite the lack of Japanese presence, Allied casualties during this invasion nevertheless numbered close to 200, either from bad weather, Japanese booby traps or friendly fire. As a result of the brief "friendly fire" engagement between U.S. and Canadian forces, 28 Americans and four Canadians were killed. There were an additional 130 casualties from trench foot. The destroyer USS Abner Read hit a mine, resulting in 87 casualties.
That night the Imperial Japanese Navy warships, thinking they were engaged by Americans, shelled and attempted to torpedo the island of Little Kiska where the Japanese soldiers were waiting to embark. Admiral Ernest King reported to the secretary of the Navy, Frank Knox, that the only things that remained on the island were dogs and freshly brewed coffee. Knox asked for an explanation and King responded, "The Japanese are very clever. Their dogs can brew coffee."




= Since World War II

=
In 1985 the Japanese occupation site on the island was designated a National Historic Landmark and part of Aleutian Islands World War II National Monument. The island is also a part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge (AMNWR) and contains the largest colony of least auklets (over 1,160,000 birds) and crested auklets. Research biologists from Memorial University of Newfoundland have been studying the impact of introduced Norway rats on the seabirds of Kiska since 2001.
Much of the aftermath of World War II is still evident in Kiska. The slow erosion processes on the tundra have had little effect on the bomb craters still visible both from the ground and in satellite images on the hills surrounding the harbor. Numerous equipment dumps, tunnels (some concrete-lined), Japanese gun emplacements, shipwrecks, and other war relics can be found, all untouched since 1943.
In 1983, a memorial plaque was placed on Kiska by the 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment, inscribed:

To the men of Amphibious Task Force 9 who fell here August 1943 placed here August 1983 by 87th Mountain Infantry Regiment.
In September 1989, divers from the United States Navy rescue and salvage ship USS Safeguard (ARS-50) surveyed the wreck of the Imperial Japanese Navy submarine Ro-65, which sank in the harbor at Kiska with the loss of 19 lives on November 3, 1942.
On August 22, 2007, the submarine USS Grunion, which disappeared with a crew of 70 during World War II, was found in 1,000 metres (3,281 ft) of water off Kiska.
There were no alterations to the landscape since World War II including the traces of the war. Unexploded ammunition is scattered throughout the landscape.




= In fiction

=
Renamed "Skira", the island was used as the setting for the Codemasters video game Operation Flashpoint: Dragon Rising. The fictionalized version of the island is relocated closer to Russia and China, but the island's topography is replicated near-exactly, with elements of the game designed around it, instead of vice versa.




Kiska Volcano



Kiska Volcano (Qisxan Kamgii in Aleut) is an active stratovolcano, 5.3 by 4.0 mi (8.5 by 6.4 km) in diameter at its base and 4,006 feet (1,221 m) high, located on the northern end of Kiska Island.
On January 24, 1962, an explosive eruption occurred, accompanied by lava extrusion and the construction of a cinder cone about 98 feet (30 m) high at Sirius Point on the north flank of Kiska Volcano, 1.9 miles (3.1 km) from the summit of the main cone (Anchorage Daily News, January 30, 1962). A second eruption that produced a lava flow was reported to have occurred on March 18, 1964 (Bulletin of Volcanic Eruptions, 1964).
Since then, the volcano has emitted steam and ash plumes, as well as smaller lava flows.




See also


List of mountain peaks of North America
List of mountain peaks of the United States
List of mountain peaks of Alaska
List of volcanoes in the United States
Report from the Aleutians, a 1943 documentary about the bombing of Kiska during World War II




References






External links



Kiska Volcano
Shipwrecks around Kiska
The Kiska Memorial
The Aleutians Campaign
Alaska Volcano Observatory
Soldiers of the 184th Infantry, 7th ID in the Pacific, 1943–1945
Long-term study of the impact of introduced rats on the seabirds (Memorial University of Newfoundland)
A picture gallery from the journey to locate the U.S. World War II submarine "Grunion" sunk near Kiska
Photos from Kiska Island, July 2008
"Kiska". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved June 28, 2021.

KISKA GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

KISKA (Hungarian: Kisegitő Karhatalmi Alakulat) was a force attached to the Royal Hungarian Army during the brief period of Arrow Cross Party rule late in World War II. KISKA was activated by the Arrow Cross after the German takeover on 15 October 1944 and had replaced the Home Guard (Nemzetőrség) by early November. There was generally one KISKA battalion in each city and university. The force numbered some 7,000 noncombatants, mostly recruited from Budapest. It was jointly controlled by the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Interior. The purpose of KISKA was to secure the hinterland. It was rapidly infiltrated by dissenters, deserters, leftists and Jews, becoming in effect "the legal cover of the organisations of resistance". It was regarded as a nuisance by the Germans. It was finally dissolved by the Arrow Cross government on 6 January 1945.




Notes






Bibliography

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

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Kiska - Wikipedia

Kiska (Aleut: Qisxa, [1] Russian: Кыска) is one of the Rat Islands, a group of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska. It is about 22 miles (35 km) long and varies in width from 1.5 to 6 miles (2.4 to 9.7 km). It is part of Aleutian Islands Wilderness and as such, special permission is required to visit it. [2] . The island has no permanent population.

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Kiska, the world's loneliest orca, dies at Canada's Marineland - NPR

Mar 12, 2023 · Kiska, the last captive killer whale in Canada — also known as "the loneliest whale in the world" — has died, according to local media. The orca, believed to be 47 years old, died on...

The Battle of Kiska - NOAA Ocean Exploration

The largest concentration of these encircled Kiska Harbor at North Head, South Head, and Little Kiska and wreaked havoc on low level US bombing missions. At the height of occupation, Japanese forces on the island totaled more than 7,200.

Japanese occupation of Kiska - Wikipedia

The Japanese occupation of Kiska took place between 6 June 1942 and 28 July 1943 during the Aleutian Islands campaign of the American Theater and the Pacific Theater of World War II. The Japanese occupied Kiska and nearby Attu Island in order to protect the northern flank of the Japanese Empire.

Kiska: The Loneliest Whale in the World (1976-2023)

Kiska lives alone in a concrete tank at Marineland Canada. No family members swim by her side. No friends invite her to play. She holds the cruel distinction of being the only captive orca in North America held in social isolation from any other marine mammal. Video footage and eyewitness accounts depict Kiska’s behavior as repetitive and ...

Kiska - Meaning of Kiska, What does Kiska mean? - BabyNamesPedia

Kiska's origin is Old Greek and Russian, and its use, Russian. Kiska is a Russian variant transcription of Katherine (English). Kiska is also a variant transcription of Kisa (Russian and English).

Kiska (orca) - Wikipedia

Kiska (died March 9, 2023) was a captive orca housed at Marineland of Canada. She was nicknamed the World's Loneliest Orca because she spent the last 12 years of her life completely alone. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Kiska was the last captive orca to be held in Canada as a result of the Ending the Captivity of Whales and Dolphins Act .

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