- Birds of a Feather (lagu)
- Elang ekor-merah
- Sapayoa
- Eufonia leher kuning
- Thraupis episcopus
- Amfibi
- Angsa batu kaki biru
- Ketsal
- Daftar klub sepak bola divisi tertinggi di negara anggota CONCACAF
- Daftar julukan kota di Amerika Serikat
- List of birds of Panama
- List of birds of North America
- List of national birds
- Birds of a Feather (Billie Eilish song)
- Index of Panama-related articles
- United States invasion of Panama
- List of birds of Costa Rica
- Panama
- Index of Central America–related articles
- Outline of Panama
Birds of Prey (and the Fantabulous Emancipation of One Harley Quinn) (2020)
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Pulkit, Vinayak Dubey
List of birds of Panama GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21
This is a list of the bird species recorded in Panama. The avifauna of Panama included a total of 1020 species as of July 2023, according to Bird Checklists of the World (Avibase). Three species have been added from other sources. Of the 1021 species, 125 are rare or accidental and six have been introduced by humans. Seven are endemic. An additional accidental species has been added from another source.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS). Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
Unless otherwise noted, the species on this list are considered to occur regularly in Panama as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. The following tags have been used to highlight several categories of occurrence. The tags and notes of population status are from Bird Checklists of the World.
(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Panama
(E) Endemic - a species endemic to Panama
(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Panama as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
Screamers
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anhimidae
The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.
Northern screamer, Chauna chavaria (A)
Tinamous
Order: Tinamiformes Family: Tinamidae
The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of birds. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are distantly related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes) which includes the rheas, emu, and kiwis.
Highland tinamou, Nothocercus bonapartei
Great tinamou, Tinamus major (near-threatened)
Little tinamou, Crypturellus soui
Choco tinamou, Crypturellus kerriae (vulnerable)
Ducks, geese, and waterfowl
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
Guans, chachalacas, and curassows
Order: Galliformes Family: Cracidae
The Cracidae are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.
Gray-headed chachalaca, Ortalis cinereiceps
Baudo guan, Penelope ortoni (A) (endangered)
Crested guan, Penelope purpurascens
Black guan, Chamaepetes unicolor
Great curassow, Crax rubra (vulnerable)
New World quail
Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
The New World quail are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
Tawny-faced quail, Rhynchortyx cinctus
Crested bobwhite, Colinus cristatus
Marbled wood-quail, Odontophorus gujanensis (near-threatened)
Black-eared wood-quail, Odontophorus melanotis
Tacarcuna wood-quail, Odontophorus dialeucos (A) (vulnerable)
Black-breasted wood-quail, Odontophorus leucolaemus
Spotted wood-quail, Odontophorus guttatus
Grebes
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Least grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (A) (vulnerable)
Pigeons and doves
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Cuckoos
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
Greater ani, Crotophaga major
Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani
Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris
Striped cuckoo, Tapera naevia
Pheasant cuckoo, Dromococcyx phasianellus
Rufous-vented ground-cuckoo, Neomorphus geoffroyi
Little cuckoo, Coccycua minuta
Dwarf cuckoo, Coccycua pumila (A)
Squirrel cuckoo, Piaya cayana
Dark-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus melacoryphus (A)
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus
Pearly-breasted cuckoo, Coccyzus euleri
Mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor
Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus
Gray-capped cuckoo, Coccyzus lansbergi (A)
Nightjars and allies
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
Short-tailed nighthawk, Lurocalis semitorquatus
Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis
Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor
Common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis
Ocellated poorwill, Nyctiphrynus ocellatus (A)
Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis (near-threatened)
Rufous nightjar, Antrostomus rufus
Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus (A) (near-threatened)
Dusky nightjar, Antrostomus saturatus
White-tailed nightjar, Hydropsalis cayennensis
Oilbird
Order: Steatornithiformes Family: Steatornithidae
The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird distantly related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the oil palm.
Oilbird, Steatornis caripensis (A)
Potoos
Order: Nyctibiiformes Family: Nyctibiidae
The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.
Great potoo, Nyctibius grandis
Common potoo, Nyctibius griseus
Swifts
Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Black swift, Cypseloides niger (A) (vulnerable)
White-chinned swift, Cypseloides cryptus (A)
Spot-fronted swift, Cypseloides cherriei (A) (population data deficient)
Chestnut-collared swift, Streptoprocne rutila
White-collared swift, Streptoprocne zonaris
Gray-rumped swift, Chaetura cinereiventris
Band-rumped swift, Chaetura spinicaudus
Costa Rican swift, Chaetura fumosa (A)
Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (vulnerable)
Vaux's swift, Chaetura vauxi
Chapman's swift, Chaetura chapmani (A)
Sick's swift, Chaetura meridionalis (A)
Short-tailed swift, Chaetura brachyura
Lesser swallow-tailed swift, Panyptila cayennensis
Hummingbirds
Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Rails, gallinules, and coots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Colombian crake, Mustelirallus colombianus (A) (population data deficient)
Paint-billed crake, Mustelirallus erythrops
Spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus
Uniform crake, Amaurolimnas concolor
Rufous-necked wood-rail, Aramides axillaris (A)
Gray-cowled wood-rail, Aramides cajaneus
King rail, Rallus elegans (A) (near-threatened)
Sora, Porzana carolina
Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata
American coot, Fulica americana
Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus
Yellow-breasted crake, Hapalocrex flaviventer
Ruddy crake, Laterallus ruber (A)
White-throated crake, Laterallus albigularis
Gray-breasted crake, Laterallus exilis
Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis (A)
Finfoots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.
Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica
Limpkin
Order: Gruiformes Family: Aramidae
The limpkin resembles a large rail. It has drab-brown plumage and a grayer head and neck.
Limpkin, Aramus guarauna
Thick-knees
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
Double-striped thick-knee, Burhinus bistriatus (A)
Stilts and avocets
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus
American avocet, Recurvirostra americana (A)
Oystercatchers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus
Plovers and lapwings
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks, and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis
Black-bellied plover, Pluvialis squatarola
American golden-plover, Pluvialis dominica
Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus
Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus
Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia
Collared plover, Charadrius collaris
Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus (A) (near-threatened)
Jacanas
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of waders which are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
Northern jacana, Jacana spinosa
Wattled jacana, Jacana jacana
Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Skuas and jaegers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki (A)
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus (A)
Gulls, terns, and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, kittiwakes, terns, and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with gray or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
Sunbittern
Order: Eurypygiformes Family: Eurypygidae
The sunbittern is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus Eurypyga.
Sunbittern, Eurypyga helias
Tropicbirds
Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans which have exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus (A)
Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus
Penguins
Order: Sphenisciformes Family: Spheniscidae
The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.
Galapagos penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus (A)
Albatrosses
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
Yellow-nosed albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos (A)
Gray-headed albatross, Thalassarche chrysostoma (A) (endangered)
Black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris (A)
Wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans (A)
Waved albatross, Phoebastria irrorata (A) (critically endangered)
Southern storm-petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
Wilson's storm-petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)
Elliot's storm-petrel, Oceanites gracilis (A)
Northern storm-petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Leach's storm-petrel, Hydrobates leucorhous (A) (vulnerable)
Band-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates castro (A)
Wedge-rumped storm-petrel, Hydrobates tethys
Black storm-petrel, Hydrobates melania
Markham's storm-petrel, Hydrobates markhami (A) (near-threatened)
Least storm-petrel, Hydrobates microsoma
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata (A)
Galapagos petrel, Pterodroma phaeopygia (A) (critically endangered)
Tahiti petrel, Pseudobulweria rostrata (A) (near-threatened)
Parkinson's petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (vulnerable)
Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea (A)
Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus (A)
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus (near-threatened)
Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus (A)
Christmas shearwater, Puffinus navitatis (A)
Galapagos shearwater, Puffinus subalaris
Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus (A)
Townsend's shearwater, Puffinus auricularis (A) (critically endangered)
Newell's shearwater, Puffinus newelli (A) (critically endangered)
Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri
Barolo shearwater, Puffinus baroli (A)
Storks
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
Maguari stork, Ciconia maguari (A)
Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria (A)
Wood stork, Mycteria americana
Frigatebirds
Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white, or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens
Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A)
Boobies and gannets
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Masked booby, Sula dactylatra
Nazca booby, Sula granti (A)
Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii
Peruvian booby, Sula variegata
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster
Red-footed booby, Sula sula
Anhingas
Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Anhingas are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape, and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The anhingas have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving.
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga
Cormorants and shags
Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.
Neotropic cormorant, Nannopterum brasilianum
Guanay cormorant, Leucocarbo bougainvillii (A)
Pelicans
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (A)
Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis
Herons, egrets, and bitterns
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and, despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
White ibis, Eudocimus albus
Scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber (A)
Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi (A)
Green ibis, Mesembrinibis cayennensis
Buff-necked ibis, Theristicus caudatus (A)
Bare-faced ibis, Phimosus infuscatus (A)
Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja
New World vultures
Order: Cathartiformes Family: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carrion.
King vulture, Sarcoramphus papa
Black vulture, Coragyps atratus
Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura
Lesser yellow-headed vulture, Cathartes burrovianus
Osprey
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus
Hawks, eagles, and kites
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.
Barn-owls
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
American barn owl, Tyto furcata
Owls
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Bare-shanked screech-owl, Megascops clarkii
Tropical screech-owl, Megascops choliba
Middle-American screech-owl, Megascops guatemalae
Choco screech-owl, Megascops centralis
Crested owl, Lophostrix cristata
Spectacled owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata
Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus (A)
Costa Rican pygmy-owl, Glaucidium costaricanum
Central American pygmy-owl, Glaucidium griseiceps
Ferruginous pygmy-owl, Glaucidium brasilianum
Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia (A)
Mottled owl, Strix virgata
Black-and-white owl, Strix nigrolineata
Striped owl, Asio clamator
Unspotted saw-whet owl, Aegolius ridgwayi (A)
Trogons
Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
The family Trogonidae includes trogons and quetzals. Found in tropical woodlands worldwide, they feed on insects and fruit, and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. Trogons have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumages.
Lattice-tailed trogon, Trogon clathratus
Slaty-tailed trogon, Trogon massena
Black-tailed trogon, Trogon melanurus
White-tailed trogon, Trogon viridis
Baird's trogon, Trogon bairdii (near-threatened)
Gartered trogon, Trogon caligatus
Northern black-throated trogon, Trogon tenellus
Collared trogon, Trogon collaris
Golden-headed quetzal, Pharomachrus auriceps
Resplendent quetzal, Pharomachrus mocinno (near-threatened)
Motmots
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Momotidae
The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.
Tody motmot, Hylomanes momotula
Lesson's motmot, Momotus lessonii
Whooping motmot, Momotus subrufescens
Rufous motmot, Baryphthengus martii
Broad-billed motmot, Electron platyrhynchum
Kingfishers
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.
Ringed kingfisher, Megaceryle torquatus
Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon
Amazon kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona
American pygmy kingfisher, Chloroceryle aenea
Green kingfisher, Chloroceryle americana
Green-and-rufous kingfisher, Chloroceryle inda
Puffbirds
Order: Piciformes Family: Bucconidae
The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.
Barred puffbird, Nystalus radiatus
Russet-throated puffbird, Hypnelus ruficollis (A)
White-necked puffbird, Notharchus hyperrhynchus
Black-breasted puffbird, Notharchus pectoralis
Pied puffbird, Notharchus tectus
White-whiskered puffbird, Malacoptila panamensis
Lanceolated monklet, Micromonacha lanceolata
Gray-cheeked nunlet, Nonnula frontalis
White-fronted nunbird, Monasa morphoeus
Jacamars
Order: Piciformes Family: Galbulidae
The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. They resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.
Dusky-backed jacamar, Brachygalba salmoni
Rufous-tailed jacamar, Galbula ruficauda
Great jacamar, Jacamerops aureus
New World barbets
Order: Piciformes Family: Capitonidae
The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored.
Spot-crowned barbet, Capito maculicoronatus
Red-headed barbet, Eubucco bourcierii
Toucan-barbets
Order: Piciformes Family: Semnornithidae
The toucan-barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory.
Prong-billed barbet, Semnornis frantzii
Toucans
Order: Piciformes Family: Ramphastidae
Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.
Northern emerald-toucanet, Aulacorhynchus prasinus
Collared aracari, Pteroglossus torquatus
Fiery-billed aracari, Pteroglossus frantzii
Yellow-eared toucanet, Selenidera spectabilis
Keel-billed toucan, Ramphastos sulfuratus
Choco toucan, Ramphastos brevis (A)
Yellow-throated toucan, Ramphastos ambiguus (near-threatened)
Woodpeckers
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Falcons and caracaras
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Laughing falcon, Herpetotheres cachinnans
Barred forest-falcon, Micrastur ruficollis
Slaty-backed forest-falcon, Micrastur mirandollei
Collared forest-falcon, Micrastur semitorquatus
Red-throated caracara, Ibycter americanus
Crested caracara, Caracara plancus
Yellow-headed caracara, Milvago chimachima
American kestrel, Falco sparverius
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Aplomado falcon, Falco femoralis
Bat falcon, Falco rufigularis
Orange-breasted falcon, Falco deiroleucus (A) (near-threatened)
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus
New World and African parrots
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
Sapayoa
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sapayoidae
The sapayoa is the only member of its family, and is found in the lowland rainforests of Panama and north-western South America. It is usually seen in pairs or mixed-species flocks.
Sapayoa, Sapayoa aenigma
Manakins
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pipridae
The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects.
Lance-tailed manakin, Chiroxiphia lanceolata
White-ruffed manakin, Corapipo altera
Green manakin, Cryptopipo holochlora
Blue-crowned manakin, Lepidothrix coronata
White-collared manakin, Manacus candei
Orange-collared manakin, Manacus aurantiacus
Golden-collared manakin, Manacus vitellinus
White-crowned manakin, Pseudopipra pipra
Red-capped manakin, Ceratopipra mentalis
Golden-headed manakin, Ceratopipra erythrocephala
Cotingas
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cotingidae
The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical Central and South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.
Purple-throated fruitcrow, Querula purpurata
Bare-necked umbrellabird, Cephalopterus glabricollis (endangered)
Lovely cotinga, Cotinga amabilis (A)
Turquoise cotinga, Cotinga ridgwayi (vulnerable)
Blue cotinga, Cotinga nattererii
Rufous piha, Lipaugus unirufus
Three-wattled bellbird, Procnias tricarunculata (vulnerable)
Black-tipped cotinga, Carpodectes hopkei
Yellow-billed cotinga, Carpodectes antoniae (endangered)
Snowy cotinga, Carpodectes nitidus
Tityras and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tityridae
Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae, and Cotingidae. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.
Northern schiffornis, Schiffornis veraepacis
Russet-winged schiffornis, Schiffornis stenorhyncha
Speckled mourner, Laniocera rufescens
Masked tityra, Tityra semifasciata
Black-crowned tityra, Tityra inquisitor
Barred becard, Pachyramphus versicolor
Cinereous becard, Pachyramphus rufus
Cinnamon becard, Pachyramphus cinnamomeus
White-winged becard, Pachyramphus polychopterus
Black-and-white becard, Pachyramphus albogriseus
Rose-throated becard, Pachyramphus aglaiae
One-colored becard, Pachyramphus homochrous
Royal flycatcher and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Onychorhynchidae
The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae.
Sharpbill, Oxyruncus cristatus
Royal flycatcher, Onychorhynchus mexicanus
Ruddy-tailed flycatcher, Terenotriccus erythrurus
Tawny-breasted flycatcher, Myiobius villosus (A)
Sulphur-rumped flycatcher, Myiobius sulphureipygius
Black-tailed flycatcher, Myiobius atricaudus
Tyrant flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
Gnateaters
Order: Passeriformes Family: Conopophagidae
The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory.
Black-crowned antpitta, Pittasoma michleri
Typical antbirds
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thamnophilidae
The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.
Antpittas
Order: Passeriformes Family: Grallariidae
Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.
Scaled antpitta, Grallaria guatimalensis
Streak-chested antpitta, Hylopezus perspicillatus
Thicket antpitta, Hylopezus dives
Ochre-breasted antpitta, Grallaricula flavirostris (near-threatened)
Tapaculos
Order: Passeriformes Family: Rhinocryptidae
The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head.
Tacarcuna tapaculo, Scytalopus panamensis (A) (vulnerable)
Choco tapaculo, Scytalopus chocoensis
Silvery-fronted tapaculo, Scytalopus argentifrons
Antthrushes
Order: Passeriformes Family: Formicariidae
Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.
Black-faced antthrush, Formicarius analis
Black-headed antthrush, Formicarius nigricapillus
Rufous-breasted antthrush, Formicarius rufipectus
Ovenbirds and woodcreepers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Furnariidae
Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.
Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis
Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
Crows, jays, and magpies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Silvery-throated jay, Cyanolyca argentigula
Azure-hooded jay, Cyanolyca cucullata
White-throated magpie-jay, Calocitta formosa (A)
Brown jay, Psilorhinus morio
Black-chested jay, Cyanocorax affinis
Swallows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Waxwings
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum (A)
Silky-flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Ptiliogonatidae
The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America, although the range of one species extends to central California. They are related to waxwings and like that group have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale yellow. They have small crests.
Black-and-yellow silky-flycatcher, Phainoptila melanoxantha
Long-tailed silky-flycatcher, Ptiliogonys caudatus
Gnatcatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.
Long-billed gnatwren, Ramphocaenus melanurus
Tawny-faced gnatwren, Microbates cinereiventris
Slate-throated gnatcatcher, Polioptila schistaceigula
White-browed gnatcatcher, Polioptila bilineata
Wrens
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
Scaly-breasted wren, Microcerculus marginatus
House wren, Troglodytes aedon
Ochraceous wren, Troglodytes ochraceus
Timberline wren, Thryorchilus browni
Grass wren, Cistothorus platensis (A)
White-headed wren, Campylorhynchus albobrunneus
Band-backed wren, Campylorhynchus zonatus
Bicolored wren, Campylorhynchus griseus (A)
Sooty-headed wren, Pheugopedius spadix
Black-throated wren, Pheugopedius atrogularis
Rufous-breasted wren, Pheugopedius rutilus
Black-bellied wren, Pheugopedius fasciatoventris
Rufous-and-white wren, Thryophilus rufalbus
Stripe-throated wren, Cantorchilus leucopogon
Stripe-breasted wren, Cantorchilus thoracicus
Canebrake wren, Cantorchilus zeledoni
Isthmian wren, Cantorchilus elutus
Bay wren, Cantorchilus nigricapillus
Riverside wren, Cantorchilus semibadius
Buff-breasted wren, Cantorchilus leucotis
White-breasted wood-wren, Henicorhina leucosticta
Gray-breasted wood-wren, Henicorhina leucophrys
Song wren, Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus
Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their coloring tends towards dull-grays and browns.
Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis
Tropical mockingbird, Mimus gilvus
Starlings
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I) (A)
Dippers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.
American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus
Donacobius
Order: Passeriformes Family: Donacobiidae
The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay.
Black-capped donacobius, Donacobius atricapilla
Thrushes and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Old World flycatchers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe (A)
Waxbills and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.
Tricolored munia, Lonchura malacca (I) (A)
Old World sparrows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or gray birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I)
Wagtails and pipits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.
Yellowish pipit, Anthus chii
Finches, euphonias, and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Elegant euphonia, Chlorophonia elegantissima
Yellow-collared chlorophonia, Chlorophonia flavirostris (A)
Golden-browed chlorophonia, Chlorophonia callophrys
Yellow-crowned euphonia, Euphonia luteicapilla
White-vented euphonia, Euphonia minuta
Yellow-throated euphonia, Euphonia hirundinacea (A)
Thick-billed euphonia, Euphonia laniirostris
Spot-crowned euphonia, Euphonia imitans
Olive-backed euphonia, Euphonia gouldi
Fulvous-vented euphonia, Euphonia fulvicrissa
Tawny-capped euphonia, Euphonia anneae
Orange-bellied euphonia, Euphonia xanthogaster
Lesser goldfinch, Spinus psaltria
Yellow-bellied siskin, Spinus xanthogastrus
Thrush-tanager
Order: Passeriformes Family: Rhodinocichlidae
This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
Rosy thrush-tanager, Rhodinocichla rosea
New World sparrows
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
Wrenthrush
Order: Passeriformes Family: Zeledoniidae
Despite its name, this species is neither a wren nor a thrush, and is not closely related to either family. It was moved from the wood-warblers (Parulidae) and placed in its own family in 2017.
Wrenthrush, Zeledonia coronata
Yellow-breasted chat
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteriidae
This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens (A)
Troupials and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as the predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.
New World warblers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
Mitrospingid tanagers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Mitrospingidae
The members of this small family were previously included in Thraupidae ("true" tanagers). They were placed in this new family in 2017.
Dusky-faced tanager, Mitrospingus cassinii
Cardinals and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
Tanagers and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. As a family they are omnivorous, but individual species specialize in eating fruits, seeds, insects, or other types of food. Most have short, rounded wings.
References
See also
List of birds
Lists of birds by region
External links
Birds of Panama - World Institute for Conservation and Environment
Kata Kunci Pencarian:
Focal Species: Panama | Celebrate Urban Birds
Birds from Panama – Bird Pictures
Panama - Birds - Traveling Rockhopper
Birds of Panama: Guide to All the Bird Species in Panama | LANDED Travel
Birds of Panama: Guide to All the Bird Species in Panama | LANDED Travel
Birds of Panama: Guide to All the Bird Species in Panama | LANDED Travel
Birds of Panama: Guide to All the Bird Species in Panama | LANDED Travel
Birds of Panama: Guide to All the Bird Species in Panama | LANDED Travel
Panama birds 4 Flashcards | Quizlet
50 Panama Birds - The Worlds Rarest Birds
Pin by Scott Rauland on Birds of Panama | Animals, Birds, Bird
Birds of Panama - Help Me Identify a Bird Outside North America ...