list of butterflies of india papilionidae

      List of butterflies of India (Papilionidae) GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      This is a list of the butterflies of family Papilionidae (superfamily Papilionoidea), or the swallowtails, which are found in India. This family of large and beautiful butterflies is well represented with 89 species found within Indian borders. Two of the three papilionid subfamilies are represented in India, namely, the Parnassiinae or Apollos, with 19 species, and the Papilioninae or swallowtails, with 70 species.
      The area of India falls in the Indomalayan realm, except for the Himalayas above and beyond the foothills adjoining the Indo-Gangetic Plains, and which fall in the Palearctic realm, resulting in increased diversity of papilionid butterflies, especially the Parnassiini or snow Apollos, all species of which are Palearctic.
      Indian swallowtails are spread over all the biomes/ecoregions of India. The Malabar banded peacock (Papilio buddha) and the Malabar banded swallowtail (Papilio liomedon) fly at sea level while the Apollos (Parnassius species), are to be found only in the highest alpine meadows of the Himalayas. Some species such as the common Mormon (Papilio polytes) and the blue Mormon (Papilio polymnestor) fly at ground level whereas others, such as the tailed jay (Graphium agamemnon) are normally found flying high in the forest canopy. The lime butterfly (Papilio demoleus) is a creature of arid scrub-land, occasionally being spotted even in the Thar Desert, while the tropical evergreen forests have their own representatives, such as the red Helen (Papilio helenus), the common bluebottle (Graphium cloanthus) and the Malabar raven (Papilio dravidarum). Indian papilionids such as the common Mormon (Papilio polytes) and great Mormon (Papilio memnon) show polymorphism with many mimetic female forms.
      Amongst swallowtails, endemism is found only in the Western Ghats. Notable endemics are the southern birdwing (Troides minos), Malabar banded swallowtail (Papilio liomedon), Malabar raven (Papilio dravidarum), Malabar rose (Pachliopta pandiyana) and the Malabar banded peacock (Papilio buddha).
      This list is based on A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India by R. K. Varshney and Peter Smetacek (2015).


      Subfamily Papilioninae


      The swallowtails are generally easily identified in the field by their large size, prominent markings, colour, patterns and variable wing and tail shape.


      = Tribe Troidini

      =


      Troides Huebner, [1819] – birdwings


      The birdwings, as the Troides butterflies are called are large, yellow-and-black coloured butterflies, two species of which are found in the forests of the Himalayas and one species in the Western Ghats. These are the largest butterflies found in India.

      Common birdwing, Troides helena (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Southern birdwing, Troides minos (Cramer, [1779])
      Golden birdwing, Troides aeacus (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1860)














      Red-bodied swallowtails
      The genera Losaria, Pachliopta and Byasa of the Indian Troidini are commonly called as the red-bodied swallowtails along with the Atrophaneura. They were formerly considered to be subgenera under genus Atrophaneura till several authorities elevated them to genus level in their publications (e.g. LepIndex; GLoBIS; Racheli & Cotton (2010)). These butterflies sequester toxins from plants and are inedible or poisonous to predators. They also have warning colouration, a phenomenon also known as aposematism. The red-bodied swallowtails are involved in Batesian mimicry complexes as aposematic models which are mimicked by edible species.


      Atrophaneura Reakirt, [1865] – batwings


      Red-bodied swallowtails with black wings hat are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.

      Lesser batwing, Atrophaneura aidoneus (Doubleday, 1845)
      Common batwing, Atrophaneura varuna (A. White, 1842)











      Byasa Moore, 1882 – windmills


      Black-coloured red-bodied swallowtails with elongated wings, prominent white and red spots, and tails that are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.

      Common windmill, Byasa polyeuctes (Doubleday, 1842)
      Rose windmill, Byasa latreillei (Donovan, 1826)
      Neville's windmill, Byasa nevilli (Wood-Mason, 1882)
      De Nicéville's windmill, Byasa polla (de Nicéville, 1897)


















      Great windmill, Byasa dasarada (Moore, 1858)
      Black windmill, Byasa crassipes (Oberthür, 1893)
      Chinese windmill, Byasa plutonius (Oberthür, 1876)















      Losaria Moore, 1902 – clubtails


      Red-bodied swallowtails with club-shaped tails that are found in low elevation forests along the Himalayas and the Northeast of India.

      Common clubtail, earlier Losaria coon (Fabricius, 1793) now Losaria doubledayi (Wallace, 1885)
      Andaman clubtail, Losaria rhodifer (Butler, 1876)











      Pachliopta Reakirt, [1865] – roses


      Red-bodied swallowtails commonly found all over India (except for the endemic Malabar rose), which serve as aposematic models for Papilio polytes in Batesian mimicry complex.

      Common rose, Pachliopta aristolochiae (Fabricius, 1775)
      Crimson rose, Pachliopta hector (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Malabar rose, Pachliopta pandiyana (Moore, 1881)















      = Tribe Papilionini

      =


      Papilio Linnaeus, 1758 – swallowtails


      Black-bodied swallowtails, often distinctively marked, some widely distributed, which are edible and form Batesian mimicry complexes with danaines or red-bodied swallowtails. Some species are polymorphic, mostly in the female forms.


      = Papilio (Chilasa) – mimes

      =

      Medium-sized tailless swallowtail butterflies which mimic the milkweed butterflies, which they fly alongside, both in appearance and methods of flight. Except for the Common Mime which is also found in peninsular India, they are confined to the lower Himalayas and Northeast India.

      Tawny mime, Papilio agestor Gray, 1831
      Lesser mime, Papilio epycides Hewitson, 1864
      Blue striped mime, Papilio slateri Hewitson, 1859
      Great blue mime, Papilio paradoxa (Zinken, 1831)
      Common mime, Papilio clytia, Linnaeus, 1758



















      = Papilio (Papilio) – yellow swallowtails

      =

      species group machaon
      Common yellow swallowtail, Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758


      = Papilio (Princeps) – Mormons, Helens, ravens

      =
      species group demodocus
      Lime butterfly, Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758
      species group demolion
      Malabar banded swallowtail, Papilio liomedon Moore, 1875
      species group polytes
      Common Mormon, Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758














      species group helenus
      Large, tailed, black butterflies with prominent yellow patch on upper hindwing markings, which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests.
      Red Helen, Papilio helenus Linnaeus, 1758
      Yellow Helen, Papilio nephelus Boisduval, 1836
      Andaman Helen, Papilio prexaspes C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865














      species group memnon
      Large, tailless, black butterflies with blue and white markings, which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas, the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests. Despite the name, only the great Mormon is polymorphic.
      Great Mormon, Papilio memnon Linnaeus, 1758
      Blue Mormon, Papilio polymnestor Cramer, [1775]
      Andaman Mormon, Papilio mayo Atkinson, [1874]














      species group protenor
      Large tailless swallowtails which are black above with no white marking and which do not have basal red markings below. Found in Himayas and Northeast India in low elevation jungles.
      Spangle, Papilio protenor Cramer, [1775]
      Redbreast, Papilio alcmenor C. Felder & R. Felder, [1864]










      species group bootes
      Tailed redbreast, Papilio bootes Westwood, 1842
      species group castor
      Tailless black or blackish-brown butterflies with white markings, the females or both sexes of which mimic inedible milkweed butterflies.
      Common raven, Papilio castor Westwood, 1842
      Malabar raven, Papilio dravidarum Wood-Mason, 1880











      = Papilio (Achillides) – peacocks

      =

      Large strong-flying black butterflies with distinctive colourful markings, most species of which occur along the low elevation forests of the Himalayas while a few species occur in the Western Ghats and some peninsular Indian forests.

      species group paris
      Blue peacock, Papilio arcturus Westwood, 1842
      Common peacock, Papilio bianor Cramer, [1777]
      Yellow-crested spangle, Papilio elephenor Doubleday, 1845
      Paris peacock, Papilio paris Linnaeus, 1758
      Krishna peacock, Papilio krishna Moore, 1858


















      species group: palinurus
      Common banded peacock, Papilio crino Fabricius, 1793
      Malabar banded peacock, Papilio buddha Westwood, 1872











      = Papilio (Sinoprinceps) – Chinese swallowtails

      =
      species group: xuthus
      Chinese yellow swallowtail, Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1767


      = Tribe Leptocircini

      =


      Graphium Scopoli, 1777 – bluebottles, jays, swordtails and zebras




      = Graphium (Graphium) – bluebottles and jays

      =
      Common bluebottle, Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Glassy bluebottle, Graphium cloanthus (Westwood, 1841)
      Common jay, Graphium doson (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1864)
      Tailed jay, Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758)


















      Spotted jay, Graphium arycles (Boisduval, 1836)
      Veined jay, Graphium chironides (Honrath, 1884)
      Great jay, Graphium eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758)
      Scarce jay, Graphium albociliates (Fruhstorfer, 1901)















      = Graphium (Paranticopsis) – zebras

      =
      The zebras are tailless swallowtails found in the Himalayas and Northeast that mimic the aposematic bluish-white Danaus milkweed butterflies.

      Great zebra, Graphium xenocles (Doubleday, 1842)
      Lesser zebra, Graphium macareus (Godart, 1819)
      Spotted zebra, Graphium megarus (Westwood, 1844)














      Swordtails
      These butterflies, formerly Graphium, are now divided into two genera Pathysa and Pazala. They are large white butterflies with black bars in the cells of the forewings, and the hindwings each bearing a long sword-like tail. They are butterflies of hilly forests from the Himalayas to the Northeast, except for the fivebar swordtail which also flies in the Western Ghats and the spot swordtail which is also found in peninsular India and the Indo-Gangetic plains.


      = Graphium (Pathysa) – swordtails

      =

      Fourbar swordtail, Graphium agetes (Westwood, 1843)
      Fivebar swordtail, Graphium antiphates (Cramer, [1775])
      Chain swordtail, Graphium aristeus (Stoll, [1780])
      Andaman swordtail, Graphium epaminondas (Oberthür, 1879)
      Spot swordtail, Graphium nomius (Esper, 1799)



















      = Graphium (Pazala) – swordtails

      =
      Sixbar swordtail, Graphium eurous (Leech, [1893])
      Spectacle swordtail, Graphium mandarinus (Oberthür, 1879)











      Lamproptera Gray, 1832 – dragontails


      Lamproptera or dragontails, are small swallowtail butterflies with large tails found in the tropical and subtropical forests of Northeast India, and further East.

      Green dragontail, Lamproptera meges (Zinken, 1831)
      White dragontail, Lamproptera curius (Fabricius, 1787)











      = Tribe Teinopalpini

      =


      Teinopalpus Hope, 1843 – Kaiser-e-Hind



      The Kaiser-i-Hind is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly found from Nepal and north India eastwards to north Vietnam. The common name literally means "Emperor of India", and it is much sought after by butterfly collectors for its beauty and rarity.

      Kaiser-e-Hind, Teinopalpus imperialis Hope, 1843


      Meandrusa Moore, 1888 – hooked swallowtails


      Large sombre-coloured swallowtails with triangular forewings with concave outer margins, sinuously margined hindwing and long outwardly-curved spatulate tail. Found in low elevation forests along the central and eastern Himalayas and the Northeast.

      Brown gorgon, Meandrusa lachinus (Fruhstorfer, 1902)
      Yellow gorgon, Meandrusa payeni (Boisduval, 1836)











      Subfamily Parnassiinae



      The Parnassiinae include about 50 medium-sized, white or yellow high-altitude butterflies that are distributed across Asia, Europe and North America, of which 19 species fly in India.


      = Tribe Zerynthiini

      =


      Bhutanitis Atkinson, 1873 – Bhutan glory


      The genus Bhutanitis contains large butterflies that are black with thin white stripes above, have red and yellow tornal patches on the hindwing, and a number of tails, which are found in the region of Bhutan, Northeast India, Myanmar, Thailand and South China.

      Bhutan glory, Bhutanitis lidderdalii Atkinson, 1873
      Ludlow's Bhutan glory, Bhutanitis ludlowi Gabriel, 1942


      = Tribe Parnassiini

      =


      Parnassius Latreille, 1804 – Apollos


      The Apollos, genus Parnassius are high altitude palearctic butterflies that are different in appearance from other swallowtails, being of moderate size, with white ground colour, and spotted with red, black and blue.

      Subgenus Parnassius Latreille, 1804
      Scarce red Apollo, Parnassius actius (Eversmann, 1843)
      Common red Apollo, Parnassius epaphus Oberthür, 1879
      Keeled Apollo, Parnassius jacquemontii Boisduval, 1836
      Large keeled Apollo, Parnassius tianschianicus Oberthür, 1879
      Subgenus Kailasius Moore, 1902
      Regal Apollo, Parnassius charltonius Gray, [1853]
      Stately Apollo, Parnassius loxias Püngeler, 1901
      Noble Apollo, Parnassius augustus Fruhstorfer, 1903
      Dusky Apollo Parnassius acdestis Grum-Grshimailo, 1891
      Subgenus Koramius Moore, 1902
      Karakoram banded Apollo, Parnassius hunza Grum-Grshimailo, 1888
      Scarce banded Apollo Parnassius mamaeivi Bang-Haas, 1915
      Greater banded Apollo, Parnassius stenosemus Honrath, 1890
      Lesser banded Apollo, Parnassius stoliczkanus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865
      Himalayan banded Apollo, Parnassius kumaonensis Riley, 1926
      Subgenus Tadumia Moore, 1902
      Varnished Apollo, Parnassius acco Gray, [1853]
      Royal Apollo, Parnassius maharaja Avinoff, 1916
      Subgenus Lingamius Bryk, 1935
      Common blue Apollo, Parnassius hardwickii Gray, 1831
      Subgenus Kreizbergia Korshunov, 1990
      Black-edged Apollo, Parnassius simo Gray, 1853


      See also


      Papilionidae
      List of butterflies of India


      Cited references




      Further reading



      Chattopadhyay, Jagannath (2007). Swallowtail Butterflies, Biology and Ecology of a few Indian Species. Kolkata, India: Desh Prakashan. ISBN 978-81-905719-1-3.
      Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
      Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
      Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
      Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
      Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: list of butterflies of india papilionidae