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      In the context of computer programming, magic is an informal term for abstraction; it is used to describe code that handles complex tasks while hiding that complexity to present a simple interface. The term is somewhat tongue-in-cheek, and often carries bad connotations, implying that the true behavior of the code is not immediately apparent. For example, Perl's polymorphic typing and closure mechanisms are often called "magic".
      The term implies that the hidden complexity is at least in principle understandable, in contrast to variants which describe arcane techniques that are deliberately hidden or extremely difficult to understand. However, the term can also be applied endearingly, suggesting a "charm" about the code.
      The action of such abstractions is described as being done "automagically", a portmanteau of "automatically" and "magically".


      Referential opacity



      "Magic" refers to procedures which make calculations based on data not clearly provided to them, by accessing other modules, memory positions or global variables that they are not supposed to (in other words, they are not referentially transparent). According to most recent software architecture models, even when using structured programming, it is usually preferred to make each function behave the same way every time the same arguments are passed to it, thereby following one of the basic principles of functional programming. When a function breaks this rule, it is often said to contain "magic".
      A simplified example of negative magic is the following code in PHP:

      While the code above is clear, if it is seen in a large project, it is often hard to understand where the function magic() gets its value from. It is preferred to write that code using the following concept:


      Non-orthogonality


      Any SV [scalar value] may be magical, that is, it has special features that a normal SV does not have.
      This definition of magic or magical can be extended to a data type, code fragment, keyword, or machine address that has properties not shared by otherwise identical objects. The magical properties may or may not be documented.

      In ISO C, file handles (of type FILE) cannot be safely copied as their addresses may be magic. That is, the runtime environment may place original file handles in a hard-coded address range, and not provide file handle behaviour to a user-created copy at another address. Consequently, the standard library routines accept pointers to file handles, of type FILE *, instead.
      In Perl 5, the statement while() implicitly assigns the line read from the file by to the variable $_, and applies the defined() function to the expression so that any successfully read string, even "0" or the empty string, evaluates as true and continues the while() loop. This does not happen to anywhere else, or to while() with any other control expression.
      In an emulator, especially one in development, the emulated machine's system call points may be magic; when they are called, the emulator may run native code for convenience, speed or access to physical hardware, and set up the emulated CPU and memory as if it had executed the original code.
      For instance, the CALL statement of BBC BASIC V treats the system call addresses of Acorn MOS magically; instead of attempting to branch to ARM code at those addresses, it raises a software interrupt in RISC OS equivalent to the system call. The effect is to emulate Acorn MOS sufficiently for 8-bit BASIC programs not containing assembly language to run without modification.
      Also in BBC BASIC, not only does the numeric variable @% control print formatting, it accepts direct assignment of ANSI printf format strings, normally a type mismatch error.
      In JavaScript, evaluation of the typeof operator succeeds when the operand is an undeclared identifier, which would normally result in a ReferenceError.
      Any comment that has an effect on the code is magic.
      Memory-mapped I/O addresses and volatile variables are also magic in this sense, although the term is not normally applied.


      See also


      Magic number (programming)
      Black box
      Cargo cult programming
      Nothing-up-my-sleeve number


      References

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    Programming is MAGIC by BoffinbraiN on DeviantArt

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    The Magic Formula to Improve Your Programming Skills - Patrick

    The Magic Formula to Improve Your Programming Skills - Patrick's Blog

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    Magic (programming) - Wikipedia

    In the context of computer programming, magic is an informal term for abstraction; it is used to describe code that handles complex tasks while hiding that complexity to present a simple interface.

    What is MAGIC programming language? Which other language is …

    May 24, 2015 · The only Magic programming language that I know about is one used by a company called Meditech. It's a proprietary language derived from MUMPS. The language is truly miserable - here's a sample.

    Magic is Programming - Royal Road

    Wait, why does this spell incantation read like a computer program's source code? Magic is programming? Updates weekly on Tuesday. Carlos was an ordinary software engineer on Earth, up until he died and found himself in a fantasy world of …

    Why Code Is So Often Compared to Magic - The Atlantic

    May 3, 2016 · When people say that coding is magic, they mean that coders can transform the world, as though with incantations and spells. The comparison is less fantastical than it seems.

    When talking about programming languages, what is the definition of Magic?

    May 26, 2015 · Magic is not magic when you (can) know how it work the way it look. For example, magic constants : constants with a hidden meaning. When we talk about "black magic" occurring in some obfuscated code, we mean that something happen in this code that we don't understand; or that something non-written happen but is hidden from the code reader.

    A Definition of Magic in Programming Languages - iRi - jerf.org

    Aug 17, 2024 · The term “magic” is commonly thrown about in the programming world without a definition. This post gives a definition for it. Not the definition, just a definition.

    What is magic in code and why avoid it - DEV Community

    Sep 4, 2020 · What I refer to as "magic code" is the concept of something happening inside your software without a direct, meaningful statement written by you, the developer. Here is an example: In this little snippet of code, I have written a direct function call persist().

    Magic as a programming language - Worldbuilding Stack Exchange

    Aug 9, 2020 · In short, you will want your primitives and game engine completely isolated from your magic programming interface by an API such that making a spell means using just the primitives and interfaces that the game's developer has given you.

    Magik (programming language) - Wikipedia

    Magik is an object-oriented programming language that supports multiple inheritance and polymorphism, and it is dynamically typed. It was designed and implemented in 1989 by Arthur Chance of Smallworld Systems Ltd. as part of Smallworld Geographical Information System (GIS).

    Could Magic be treated like a Programming Lanaguage?

    The webcomic Unsounded treats magic as a programming language. It's actually hard to tell in the comic itself though, because it's from the perspective of people in the world who don't have computers or anything, but the author explains some of their worldbuilding on their social media and talks about it.