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The penteconter (alt. spelling pentekonter, pentaconter, pentecontor or pentekontor; Greek: πεντηκόντερος, pentēkónteros, "fifty-oared"), plural penteconters, was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period.
In an alternative meaning, the term was also used for a military commander of fifty men in ancient Greece.




History


The penteconters emerged in an era when there was no distinction between merchant ships and warships. They were versatile, long-range ships used for sea trade, piracy and warfare, capable of transporting freight or troops. A penteconter was rowed by fifty oarsmen, arranged in a row of twenty-five on each side of the ship. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favourable wind. Penteconters were long and sharp-keeled ships, hence described as long vessels (νῆες μακραί, nḗes makraí ). They typically lacked a full deck, and thus were also called unfenced vessels (ἄφρακτοι νῆες, áphraktoi nḗes).
Homer describes war ships during the Trojan War of various numbers of oars varying from twenty-oared, such as the ship that brought Chryseis back to her father, to fifty-oared, as Odysseus' ship that had fifty-seven men and as many as 120 men of the Boeotian ships.
According to some contemporary calculations, penteconters are believed to have been between 28 and 33 m (92 and 108 ft) long, approximately 4 m wide, and capable of reaching a top speed of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). However, modern reconstructions of penteconters, as well as other ancient ship designs such as triremes, crewed by modern untrained amateurs, attained that top speed fairly easily on initial sea trials, which implies that the top speed of that type of ship in the ancient era had to be substantially higher. Ancient Greeks also used the triaconter or triacontor (τριακόντορος triakontoros), a shorter version of the penteconter with thirty oars. There is a general agreement that the trireme, the primary warship of classical antiquity, evolved from the penteconter via the bireme. The penteconter remained in use until the Hellenistic period, when it became complemented and eventually replaced by other designs, such as the lembus, the hemiolia and the liburnians.




See also


Hellenistic-era warships
Pentecopterus, a genus of eurypterid named after the penteconter.




References






External links



The dictionary definition of penteconter at Wiktionary

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Pertempuran laut terbesar dalam sejarah
• Penteconter
• Trireme
• Bireme
• Numeral prefix
• Roman Empire
• List of ship types
• Argo
• Ships of ancient Rome
• Ancient Egypt
• Achaemenid Empire

The Penteconter project

The Penteconter project

The Penteconter project

The Penteconter project

Penteconter by Mykola Zhukov on Dribbble

Penteconter Clipart (#4620107) - PikPng

Penteconter 3D models - Sketchfab

NR Penteconter by Evilonavich on DeviantArt

Penteconter - Livius

SimplePlanes | Athenian Penteconter

Penteconter | Iron age, Warfare, Iron

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penteconter

Daftar Isi

• Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) - Ships of Scale
• Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 2 - Ships of Scale
• Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 5 - Ships of Scale
• Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 3 - Ships of Scale
• Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 4 - Ships of Scale
• Royal Caroline 1/47 Panart by Messis [COMPLETED BUILD]
• dusek - Ships of Scale
• kit bash | Ships of Scale
• bireme | Ships of Scale
• SOS Build Logs from Kits - Wood | Page 10 | Ships of Scale

Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) - Ships of Scale

Jun 1, 2019 · The bireme has a length of 395mm, that represents a ship of 28 meters length. Far to short for the long ship of Odysseus which was between 35 and 40 meters. The bireme has …

Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 2 - Ships of Scale

Jun 1, 2019 · That said, appears to me that I have to explain that this is not the way a penteconter was build. On the contrary, at those ages, it was the other way around, It was build with the …

Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 5 - Ships of Scale

Jun 1, 2019 · Out of a study of the above topics, I came to the conclusion (and I am not the first to do so) that Odysseus ship was a πεντηκόντορος, a penteconter. It had, as also her Greek …

Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 3 - Ships of Scale

Jun 1, 2019 · Dear Messis - your build of the Penteconter has been a great inspiration to me and has motivated me to start research on what will be a very unusual subject as well. By the way, …

Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) | Page 4 - Ships of Scale

Jul 15, 2020 · No, they cannot be classified as ancient - unique, yes, ancient, no. They originated during the Qing Dynasty in the late 18th century and were in use until "early new" China …

Royal Caroline 1/47 Panart by Messis [COMPLETED BUILD]

Apr 27, 2020 · Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) Therefor the sources available are Homer’s works, Iliad ana Odyssey, the ancient vases of Homer’s life time, that is the time from …

dusek - Ships of Scale

May 10, 2021 · Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) Therefor the sources available are Homer’s works, Iliad ana Odyssey, the ancient vases of Homer’s life time, that is the time from …

kit bash | Ships of Scale

Building Odysseus ship (A penteconter) Therefor the sources available are Homer’s works, Iliad ana Odyssey, the ancient vases of Homer’s life time, that is the time from the 8th to the 7th …

bireme | Ships of Scale

Sep 14, 2020 · I am not sure how to do this...I will try to attached to photos of the Bireme with keel and frames assembled. You will notice one clamp, thats because the pattern is just a little …

SOS Build Logs from Kits - Wood | Page 10 | Ships of Scale

Feb 17, 2023 · This Build Log Section is for Wood Ships. Enter your Build Log here. It is advisable for others to follow your Build Log to start your post such as "Build Log: HMS Ship name"