trace amine associated receptor

      Trace amine-associated receptor GudangMovies21 Rebahinxxi LK21

      Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), sometimes referred to as trace amine receptors (TAs or TARs), are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that were discovered in 2001. TAAR1, the first of six functional human TAARs, has gained considerable interest in academic and proprietary pharmaceutical research due to its role as the endogenous receptor for the trace amines phenethylamine, tyramine, and tryptamine – metabolic derivatives of the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan, respectively – ephedrine, as well as the synthetic psychostimulants, amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy). In 2004, it was shown that mammalian TAAR1 is also a receptor for thyronamines, decarboxylated and deiodinated relatives of thyroid hormones. TAAR2–TAAR9 function as olfactory receptors for volatile amine odorants in vertebrates.


      Animal TAAR complement


      The following is a list of the TAARs contained in selected animal genomes:

      Human – 6 genes (TAAR1, TAAR2, TAAR5, TAAR6, TAAR8, TAAR9) and 3 pseudogenes (TAAR3, TAAR4P, TAAR7P)
      Chimpanzee – 3 genes and 6 pseudogenes
      Mouse – 15 genes and 1 pseudogene
      Rat – 17 genes and 2 pseudogenes
      Zebrafish – 112 genes and 4 pseudogenes
      Frog – 3 genes and 0 pseudogenes
      Medaka – 25 genes and 1 pseudogenes
      Stickleback – 25 genes and 1 pseudogenes


      Human trace amine-associated receptors


      Six human trace amine-associated receptors (hTAARs) – hTAAR1, hTAAR2, hTAAR5, hTAAR6, hTAAR8, and hTAAR9 – have been identified and partially characterized. The table below contains summary information from literature reviews, pharmacology databases, and supplementary primary research articles on the expression profiles, signal transduction mechanisms, ligands, and physiological functions of these receptors.


      = Disease links and clinical significance

      =
      Ulotaront / SEP 363856 is a TAAR1 agonist in phase 3 clinical trials for schizophrenia and earlier trials for Parkinson's Disease psychosis. The medicine has obtained Breakthrough designation from the US FDA.


      See also


      Olfactory receptor
      Odorant
      Pheromone
      Pheromone receptor
      Psychostimulant
      Thyronamine
      Trace amine


      References




      External links


      "Trace Amine Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.

    Kata Kunci Pencarian: trace amine associated receptor

    trace amine associated receptortrace amine associated receptor 1trace amine associated receptorstrace amine associated receptor 1 taar1trace amine associated receptor 1 agonisttrace amine associated receptor 1 modulates dopaminergic activitytrace amine associated receptors taarstrace amine associated receptor 5trace amine associated receptor 1 taar1 agoniststrace amine associated receptors role in immune system functions