• Source: List of birds of Scotland

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Scotland. The avifauna of Scotland include a total of 535 species, of which 9 have been introduced by humans.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of British Ornithologists' Union (BOU). The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. Introduced and accidental species are included in the total counts for Scotland.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. The commonly occurring native species do not fall into any of these categories.

(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Scotland
(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Scotland as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
(E) Endemic - a species endemic to Scotland




Ducks, geese, and swans


Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.




Pheasants, grouse, and allies


Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
These are terrestrial species of gamebirds, feeding and nesting on the ground. They are variable in size but generally plump, with broad and relatively short wings.

Red grouse, Lagopus lagopus (A)
Ptarmigan, Lagopus muta
Capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus (I)
Black grouse, Tetrao tetrix
Grey partridge, Perdix perdix (I)
Lady Amherst's pheasant, Chrysolophus amherstiae (I)
Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I)
Quail, Coturnix coturnix
Red-legged partridge, Alectorix rufa (I)




Nightjars and allies


Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor (A)
Nightjar, Caprimulgus europaeus




Swifts


Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

White-throated needletail, Hirundapus caudacutus (A)
Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica (A)
Alpine swift, Apus melba (A)
Swift, Apus apus
Pallid swift, Apus pallidus (A)
Pacific swift, Apus pacificus (A)
Little swift, Apus affinis (A)




Bustards


Order: Otidiformes Family: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

Great bustard, Otis tarda (A)
MacQueen's bustard, Chlamydotis macqueenii (A)
Little bustard, Tetrax tetrax (A)




Cuckoos


Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.

Great spotted cuckoo, Clamator glandarius (A)
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus (A)
Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus (A)
Cuckoo, Cuculus canorus




Sandgrouse


Order: Pterocliformes Family: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Pallas's sandgrouse, Syrrhaptes paradoxus (A)




Pigeons and doves


Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Rock pigeon, Columba livia
Stock dove, Columba oenas
Woodpigeon, Columba palumbus
Turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur
Oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis (A)
Collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto
Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura (A)




Rails, gallinules, and coots


Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Water rail, Rallus aquaticus
Corncrake, Crex crex
Sora rail, Porzana carolina (A)
Spotted crake, Porzana porzana
Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus
Coot, Fulica atra
American coot, Fulica americana (A)
Allen's gallinule, Porphyrio alleni (A)
Baillon's crake, Zapornia pusilla (A)
Little crake, Zapornia parva (A)




Cranes


Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Sandhill crane, Antigone canadensis (A)
Crane, Grus grus




Grebes



Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

Little grebe, Tachybaptus ruficollis
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (A)
Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena
Great crested grebe, Podiceps cristatus
Slavonian grebe, Podiceps auritus
Black-necked grebe, Podiceps nigricollis




Stone-curlews


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The stone-curlews are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Stone-curlew, Burhinus oedicnemus (A)




Oystercatchers


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus




Stilts and avocets


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus (A)
Avocet, Recurvirostra avosetta




Plovers and lapwings


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae include the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.




Sandpipers and allies


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.




Pratincoles and coursers


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings, and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings, and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

Cream-coloured courser, Cursorius cursor (A)
Collared pratincole, Glareola pratincola (A)
Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum (A)
Black-winged pratincole, Glareola nordmanni (A)




Gulls, terns, and skimmers



Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.




Skuas and jaegers


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

Great skua, Stercorarius skua
Pomarine skua, Stercorarius pomarinus
Arctic skua, Stercorarius parasiticus
Long-tailed skua, Stercorarius longicaudus




Auks, murres, and puffins


Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Little auk, Alle alle
Brünnich's guillemot, Uria lomvia (A)
Common guillemot, Uria aalge
Razorbill, Alca torda
Great auk, Pinguinus impennis (A) extinct
Black guillemot, Cepphus grylle
Puffin, Fratercula arctica




Divers



Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

Red-throated diver, Gavia stellata
Black-throated diver, Gavia arctica
Great northern diver, Gavia immer
White-billed diver, Gavia adamsii




Southern storm-petrels



Order: Procellariiformes Family: Oceanitidae
The austral storm petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering.

Wilson's petrel, Oceanites oceanicus (A)
White-faced storm petrel, Pelagodroma marina (A)




Albatrosses


Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

Black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris (A)




Northern storm-petrels


Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.

Storm petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus
Swinhoe's petrel, Hydrobates monorhis (A)
Leach's petrel, Hydrobates leucorhoa




Petrels and shearwaters


Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellaridae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis
Fea's petrel, Pterodroma feae (A)
Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus
Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis
Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus
Balearic shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus
Barolo shearwater, Puffinus baroli (A)




Storks


Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

Black stork, Ciconia nigra (A)
White stork, Ciconia ciconia




Frigatebirds


Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Ascension frigatebird, Fregata aquila (A)
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens (A)




Boobies and gannets


Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Gannet, Morus bassanus (A)




Cormorants



Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage coloration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colorful.

Cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo
Shag, Gulosus aristotelis




Ibises and spoonbills


Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (A)
Spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia




Herons and bitterns



Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Bittern, Botaurus stellaris
American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus (A)
Little bittern, Ixobrychus minutus (A)
Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis (A)
Night-heron, Nycticorax nycticorax (A)
Green heron, Butorides virescens (A)
Squacco heron, Ardeola ralloides (A)
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis (A)
Grey heron, Ardea cinerea
Purple heron, Ardea purpurea (A)
Great white egret, Ardea alba
Snowy egret, Egretta thula (A)
Little egret, Egretta garzetta




Osprey


Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

Osprey, Pandion haliaetus




Hawks, eagles, and kites



Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.




Barn owls


Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Western barn owl, Tyto alba




Owls



Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Tengmalm's owl, Aegolius funereus (A)
Little owl, Athene noctua
Hawk owl, Surnia ulula (A)
Scops owl, Otus scops (A)
Long-eared owl, Asio otus
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus
Snowy owl, Bubo scandiaca (A)
Tawny owl, Strix aluco




Hoopoes


Order: Bucerotiformes Family: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head. 1 species occurs in Russia.

Hoopoe, Upupa epops




Rollers


Order: Coraciiformes Family: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

Roller, Coracias garrulus




Kingfishers


Order: Coraciiformes Family: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. There are 5 species which occur in Russia.

Kingfisher, Alcedo atthis
Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon (A)




Bee-eaters


Order: Coraciiformes Family: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

Blue-cheeked bee-eater, Merops persicus (A)
Bee-eater, Merops apiaster




Woodpeckers


Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Wryneck, Jynx torquilla
Lesser spotted woodpecker, Dryobates minor
Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major
Green woodpecker, Picus viridis




Falcons and caracaras



Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

Lesser kestrel, Falco naumanni (A)
Kestrel, Falco tinnunculus
American kestrel, Falco sparverius (A)
Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus (A)
Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae (A)
Merlin, Falco columbarius
Hobby, Falco subbuteo
Gyr falcon, Falco rusticolus (A)
Peregrine, Falco peregrinus




Tyrant flycatchers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris (A)
Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus (A)




Shrikes


Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey.

Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus (A)
Red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio
Red-tailed shrike, Lanius phoenicuroides
Long-tailed shrike, Lanius schach (A)
Daurian shrike, Lanius isabellinus (A)
Lesser grey shrike, Lanius minor (A)
Great grey shrike, Lanius excubitor
Southern grey shrike, Lanius meridionalis (A)
Woodchat shrike, Lanius senator
Masked shrike, Lanius nubicus (A)




Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis


Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.

Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus (A)




Old World orioles


Order: Passeriformes Family: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

Golden oriole, Oriolus oriolus




Crows, jays, and magpies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Jay, Garrulus glandarius
Magpie, Pica pica
Nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes (A)
Chough, Corvus monedula
Jackdaw, Corvus monedula
Rook, Corvus frugilegus
Carrion crow, Corvus corone
Hooded crow, Corvus cornix
Raven, Corvus corax




Waxwings


Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus
Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum (A)




Tits, chickadees, and titmice


Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Coal tit, Periparus ater
Crested tit, Lophophanes cristatus
Marsh tit, Poecile palustris
Willow tit, Poecile montana
Blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus
Great tit, Parus major




Bearded tit


Order: Passeriformes Family: Panuridae
This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.

Bearded tit, Panurus biarmicus




Larks


Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Woodlark, Lullula arborea (A)
Skylark, Alauda arvensis
Crested lark, Galerida cristata (A)
Shore Lark, Eremophila alpestris
Short-toed lark, Calandrella brachydactyla
Bimaculated lark, Melanocorypha bimaculata (A)
Calandra lark, Melanocorypha calandra (A)




Swallows


Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Sand martin, Riparia riparia
Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor (A)
Purple martin, Progne subis (A)
Crag martin, Ptyonoprogne rupestris (A)
Swallow, Hirundo rustica
House martin, Delichon urbicum
Red-rumped swallow, Cecropis daurica (A)
American cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (A)




Bush warblers and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.

Cetti's warbler, Cettia cetti (A)




Long-tailed tits


Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

Long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus




Leaf warblers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.

Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix
Western Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus bonelli (A)
Eastern Bonelli's warbler, Phylloscopus orientalis (A)
Hume's warbler, Phylloscopus humei (A)
Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus
Pallas's warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus
Radde's warbler, Phylloscopus schwarzi
Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus
Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus
Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita
Iberian chiffchaff, Phylloscopus ibericus (A)
Green warbler, Phylloscopus nitidus (A)
Greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides (A)
Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis (A)




Reed warblers and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Great reed warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus (A)
Aquatic warbler, Acrocephalus paludicola
Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Paddyfield warbler, Acrocephalus agricola (A)
Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum (A)
Reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus
Marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris
Thick-billed warbler, Iduna aedon
Booted warbler, Iduna caligata (A)
Sykes's warbler, Arundinax rama (A)
Eastern olivaceous warbler, Hippolais pallida (A)
Olive-tree warbler, Hippolais olivetorum (A)
Melodious warbler, Hippolais polyglotta
Icterine warbler, Hippolais icterina




Grassbirds and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Pallas's grasshopper warbler, Locustella certhiola
Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata
River warbler, Locustella fluviatilis
Savi's warbler, Locustella luscinioides
Grasshopper warbler, Locustella naevia




Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.




Kinglets


Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.

Firecrest, Regulus ignicapillus
Goldcrest, Regulus regulus




Wrens


Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Wren, Troglodytes troglodytes




Nuthatches


Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Nuthatch, Sitta europaea




Treecreepers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Treecreeper, Certhia familiaris




Starlings



Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.

Rose-coloured starling, Pastor roseus (A)
Starling, Sturnus vulgaris




Thrushes and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.




Old World flycatchers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.




Dippers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

White-throated dipper, Cinclus cinclus




Old World sparrows


Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Tree sparrow, Passer montanus
Spanish sparrow, Passer hispaniolensis (A)
House sparrow, Passer domesticus




Accentors


Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.

Alpine accentor, Prunella collaris (A)
Dunnock, Prunella modularis




Wagtails and pipits


Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.




Finches, euphonias, and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.




Longspurs and arctic buntings


Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a family of birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Lapland bunting, Calcarius lapponicus
Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis




Old World buntings


Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.




New World sparrows


Order: Passeriformes Family: Passerellidae
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis (A)
White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys (A)
White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis (A)
Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis (A)
Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia (A)




Troupials and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange, or red.

Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus (A)
Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula (A)
Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater (A)




New World warblers


Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The wood-warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.




Cardinals and allies


Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea (A)
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus (A)
Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea (A)




See also


List of birds
Lists of birds by region




References



Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of Birds of Scotland". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
British Ornithologists' Union (2021). Accessed 22 November 2021.
The Scottish List Species and subspecies: A checklist of the birds of Scotland (2021). Accessed 22 November 2021.

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• Skotlandia
• Camar kecil
• Universitas Oxford
• Dendang-laut utara
• Fauna Skotlandia
• Nicki Minaj
• Tuberkulosis
• Manusia
• Daftar buku Penguin Classics
• Alka paruh-silet
• List of birds of Scotland
• List of national birds
• List of birds by common name
• List of birds of Great Britain
• List of birds of Europe
• Fauna of Scotland
• Birding Scotland
• Scotland
• Scottish crossbill
• National parks of Scotland