disodium pyrophosphate

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      Disodium pyrophosphate or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7. It consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H2P2O2−7). It is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry. When crystallized from water, it forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature. Pyrophosphate is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
      Disodium pyrophosphate is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:

      2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O


      Food uses


      Disodium pyrophosphate is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders. It combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:

      Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O
      It is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action. Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, SAPP is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.

      Disodium pyrophosphate and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a). In the United States, it is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use. In canned seafood, it is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting. Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat. It is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods. In baking powder, it is often labeled as food additive E450. In cured meats, it speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO−2) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity. Disodium pyrophosphate is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
      Disodium pyrophosphate can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the
      SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings."


      Other uses


      In leather treatment, it can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing. It can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction. It can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone. When added to scalding water, it facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter. In petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds. It is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
      Disodium pyrophosphate is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.


      References




      External links


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    Disodium pyrophosphate - Wikipedia

    Disodium pyrophosphate is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders. It combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide: Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 + NaHCO 3 → Na 3 HP 2 O 7 + CO 2 + H 2 O. It is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.

    Is Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate Dangerous? | livestrong

    Simply buying organic food isn't enough to guarantee that sodium acid pyrophosphate has not been used. The chemical has been deemed safe for general use by the FDA and doesn't require a warning label. The closer you can get to your food sources, the better.

    Disodium Phosphate: Uses, Benefits, and Risks - WebMD

    Feb 25, 2024 · Disodium phosphate is a chemical added to foods, cosmetics, and other products. It’s useful as a preservative and a flavor enhancer, among other things. This artificial type of salt is made...

    Is Disodium Diphosphate Bad For You? - Here Is Your Answer.

    Dec 19, 2023 · Disodium diphosphate, also known as disodium pyrophosphate or E450(i), is often used in food processing as a leavening agent, as well as a stabilizer to maintain color and texture. Let's dive into the current understanding of the potential …

    Disodium Pyrophosphate | Na2H2P2O7 | CID 24451 - PubChem

    Disodium Pyrophosphate | Na2H2P2O7 or H2Na2O7P2 | CID 24451 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.

    Is Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate Bad For You?

    Dec 20, 2023 · Approved by Dr. Robert Cook - Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is considered safe for consumption by the FDA and is recognized as GRAS. It's an additive commonly found in processed foods such as baked goods and canned seafood.

    Pyrophosphate - Wikipedia

    In chemistry, pyrophosphates are phosphorus oxyanions that contain two phosphorus atoms in a P−O−P linkage. A number of pyrophosphate salts exist, such as disodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7) and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7), among others. Often pyrophosphates are called diphosphates.

    DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE - Food and Agriculture …

    Dissolve 10 g of the sample in 100 ml of hot water, and filter through a tared filtering crucible. Wash the insoluble residue with hot water, dry at 105o for 2. h, cool and weigh. Determine using an atomic absorption technique appropriate to the specified level.

    What is Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate E450 (i) in Food

    Jan 16, 2020 · Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, its food grade is commonly used with sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent in bakery products; also, it maintains the color in processed potatoes and also prevents struvite crystal in …

    Sodium pyrophosphate | 7758-16-9 - ChemicalBook

    Jan 27, 2025 · Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), or disodium pyrophosphate, is a condensed phosphate formed when sodium orthophosphate is heated to remove the water. It is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.