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Germanic mythology consists of the body of myths native to the Germanic peoples, including Norse mythology, Anglo-Saxon mythology, and Continental Germanic mythology. It was a key element of Germanic paganism.
Origins
As the Germanic languages developed from Proto-Indo-European language, Germanic mythology is ultimately a development of Proto-Indo-European mythology. Archaeological remains, such as petroglyphs in Scandinavia, suggest continuity in Germanic mythology since at least the Nordic Bronze Age.
Sources
The earliest written sources on Germanic mythology include literature by Roman writers. This includes Commentaries on the Gallic War by Julius Caesar, Geographica by Strabo, and Germania by Tacitus. Later Latin-language sources on Germanic mythology include Getica by Jordanes, History of the Lombards by Paul the Deacon, Ecclesiastical History of the English People by Bede, Vita Ansgari by Rimbert, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum by Adam of Bremen, and Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus.
Vernacular sources on Germanic mythology include the Merseburg Charms, the Nibelungenlied, and various pieces of Old English literature, particularly Beowulf. The most important sources on Germanic mythology, however, are works of Old Norse literature, most of which were written down in the Icelandic Commonwealth during the Middle Ages; of particular importance is the Poetic Edda.
Archaeological evidence, Runic inscriptions and place-names are also useful sources on Germanic mythology.
Mythology
The myths of the Germanic peoples feature narratives focused on Germanic deities and a variety of other entities.
= Cosmology
=The beginning and end of the world is told in Völuspá, the first and best known poem in the Poetic Edda. The seeress in Völuspá tells of how the world began with a great magical nothingness called Ginnungagap, until Odin and his two brothers raised the Earth from the sea. They came across the tree trunks Ask and Embla, whom they created into the first human couple.
The accounts of Völuspá are contrasted with those in Vafþrúðnismál and Grímnismál. These say that Odin created the world from the body of the giant Ymir. Odin and his brothers were in turn descended from Búri, who had been created by the primeval cow Auðumbla. Parallels to Auðumbla are found in Indo-Iranian religion, testifying to the ancient Indo-European origins of Germanic mythology.
A central point in the Germanic cosmos is the tree Yggdrasil. Germanic mythology prophesises the end of the world in a coming Ragnarök.
= Deities
=A number of Germanic gods are mentioned in Old Norse literature and they are divided into the Æsir and the Vanir. The Æsir are primarily gods of war and dominate the latter, who are gods of fertility and wealth.
The chief god of the Æsir is Odin, a god associated with war, seiðr (witchcraft), and wisdom. He was probably worshipped primarily by kings and noblemen rather than the common people. Odin is the lord of Asgard, the abode of the gods, which includes the majestic hall Valhalla, where warriors who died a heroic death in battle (Einherjar) were admitted in order to prepare them to help Odin in the coming Ragnarök.
Odin's wife was Frigg. His popular son, by the jǫtunn Jǫrð, was Thor, the god associated with thunder. Wielding his hammer Mjölnir, Thor engaged in conflict with the jötnar (giants) and the serpent Jörmungandr. Thor has many parallels in Indo-European mythology. He appears to have been worshiped extensively by the Germanic peoples, particularly warriors and the common people. A notable brother of Thor is Baldr. Other significant Æsir include the trickster god Loki; Heimdallr, who is reported in Rígsþula to have fathered the three classes of men; and Týr, a god associated with war and who lost his hand to the wolf Fenrir, who some scholars have proposed on linguistic evidence may have been a central deity in the Germanic pantheon in earlier times.
In Old Norse literature, the Æsir and Vanir are described as being in conflict. Through this conflict, certain Vanir gods, such as Njörðr, Freyja, and Freyr, join the Æsir. Similarities have been pointed out between Njörðr and Nerthus, a Germanic fertility god mentioned by Tacitus in Germania in the 1st-century AD. Sources also mention numerous other entities, such as Hel, who oversees an underworld location of the same name.
= Legendary creatures
=A number of legendary creatures appear in Germanic mythology, such as dísir, fylgjur, draugar, dwarfs, elves, as well as jötnar, goblins, giants, trolls and dragons.
Legacy
During the Middle Ages, Germanic peoples were converted to Christianity. The study of Germanic mythology has remained an important element of Germanic philology since the development of the field and the topic is an integral component of Heathenry, the modern revival of Germanic paganism. Elements of Germanic mythology have survived into modern Germanic folklore.
See also
List of Germanic deities
Common Germanic deities
Germanic Paganism
Baltic mythology
Celtic mythology
Slavic mythology
Norse mythology
Anglo Saxon mythology
References
= Citations
== Sources
=Leeming, David Adams (2005). "Germanic mythology". The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19991-648-1.
Further reading
Bauschatz, Paul C. (1982). The Well and the Tree: World and Time in Early Germanic Culture. New York: University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0783792069.
Grimm, J. (1882). Teutonic Mythology: Volume 1. Translated by Stallybrass, J. S. (4th ed.). London: George Bell & Sons.
Hasenfratz, Hans-Peter (2011). Barbarian Rites: The Spiritual World of the Vikings and the Germanic Tribes. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781620554487.
Turville-Petre, Gabriel (1975). Myth and Religion of the North: The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 9780837174204.
Wood, Ian N. (2018). "Jonas of Bobbio and the Representation of Germanic Paganism". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 96 (2): 889–906. doi:10.3406/rbph.2018.9215.
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Germanic mythology consists of the body of myths native to the Germanic peoples, including Norse mythology, Anglo-Saxon mythology, and Continental Germanic mythology. [1][2][3] It was a key element of Germanic paganism.
Germanic religion and mythology | Gods, Norse, Map, Polytheism ...
Dec 23, 2024 · Germanic religion and mythology, complex of stories, lore, and beliefs about the gods and the nature of the cosmos developed by the Germanic-speaking peoples before their conversion to Christianity.
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In Germanic paganism, the indigenous religion of the ancient Germanic peoples who inhabit Germanic Europe, there were a number of different gods and goddesses. Germanic deities are attested from numerous sources, including works of literature, various chronicles, runic inscriptions , personal names, place names, and other sources.
Germanic religion and mythology - Norse, Pagan, Gods | Britannica
Dec 23, 2024 · Germanic religion and mythology - Norse, Pagan, Gods: The story of the beginning is told, with much variation, in three poems of the Elder Edda, and a synthesis of these is given by Snorri Sturluson in his Prose Edda. Snorri adds certain details that he must have taken from sources now lost.
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Mar 4, 2024 · Germanic gods and goddesses are the deities that were worshiped throughout ancient Germania. The Germanic World, known more widely as Germania or Magna Germania in Latin, includes the modern countries of France, Denmark, Poland, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Austria, and (of course) Germany.
Germanic Mythology - Gods and Monsters
Key figures in Germanic mythology include Odin, the all-father and god of wisdom, war, and death; Thor, the thunder god known for his immense strength and protection of humanity; and Freyja, the goddess of love, fertility, and battle.
Continental Germanic mythology - Wikipedia
Continental Germanic mythology formed an element within Germanic paganism as practiced in parts of Central Europe occupied by Germanic peoples up to and including the 6th to 8th centuries (the period of Germanic Christianization).
Germanic religion and mythology - Beliefs, Practices, Institutions ...
Dec 23, 2024 · Germanic religion and mythology - Beliefs, Practices, Institutions: Sacrifice often was conducted in the open or in groves and forests. The human sacrifice to the tribal god of the Semnones, described by Tacitus, took place in a sacred grove; other examples of sacred groves include the one in which Nerthus usually resides.
Uncovering Germanic Mythology and Folklore - Fluent in 3 Months
Oct 13, 2023 · If you’ve ever read the Grimm’s fairy tales, browsed through comics, or watched any recent action movies, you’ve likely heard about Germanic mythology and its many deities and creatures. Some names that got their start in Germanic mythology and folklore include Thor, Baldur, Frigg, and Odin.