• Source: 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

In enzymology, a 20-α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.149) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(P)+



⇌


{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }

17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + NAD(P)H + H+
The 3 substrates of this enzyme are 17alpha,20alpha-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, NADH, NADPH, and H+.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 20alpha-hydroxysteroid:NAD(P)+ 20-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, 20alpha-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, 20alpha-HSD, and 20alpha-HSDH. This enzyme participates in c21-steroid hormone metabolism.
20alpha-HSD has been initially described as a progesterone metabolizing enzyme of the ovary. On a functional level, ovarian 20alpha-HSD is actively involved in the control of progesterone homeostasis in pregnancy of rats and mice. While 20alpha-HSD expression and activity is downregulated in the corpus luteum of pregnancy, 24 hrs prior to parturition ovarian 20alpha-HSD activity is acutely stimulated. Accordingly, in mice with targeted deletion of the 20alpha-HSD gene, progesterone blood concentration remain high throughout pregnancy which results in a delay of 2–4 days in parturition. Indicating that expression of 20alpha-HSD activity is mandatory for the induction of parturition through reduction of progesterone blood concentration. In mice, 20alpha-HSD is also expressed in the adrenals, kidneys, brain, thymus, T cells and bone marrow. Its induction in hematopoietic cells was used as an assay for the identification of T cell derived factor interleukin-3. In addition, the enzyme reduces and inactivates 17-deoxycorticosterone, the precursor of aldosterone and corticosterone.




Structural studies


As of late 2007, 3 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1MRQ (AKR1C1), 1Q13, and 1Q5M.
AKR1C1, AKR1C2, and AKR1C3




Enzymes


AKR1C1 has high catalytic efficiency as a 20α-HSD and AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 efficiently catalyze this reaction as well.




See also


3β(or 20α)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase




References






Further reading

Kata Kunci Pencarian:

• 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
• 3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
• AKR1C1
• AKR1C3
• Estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase
• AKR1C4
• Interleukin 3
• 20α-Dihydroprogesterone
• List of MeSH codes (D08)