• Source: Mahan language

Mahan is the presumed ancient language of the Mahan confederacy in southern Korea. It is virtually unattested.




Denomination


This language can be referred to as Mahan, Han-Paekche, Old Paekche, Japanese Paekche or Aristocratic Paekche.
Some believe that the Mahan can be subdivided into two periods:

Mahan (literal): From the 1st to 4th centuries AD;
Mahan Paekche: From the 4th to 7th centuries AD
Ki-Moon Lee assumes that this is just Baekje with a substrate of Buyeo language. This is different to Martine Robbeets, who believes that Mahan Paekche is separate from the Baekje and Buyeo language.




Classification


From Chinese texts, Lee and Ramsey separate the languages of the Dong Yi into three groups:

The Suksin languages (or Suksinic): Suksin, Umnu, Mulgil and Malgal. They perhaps could have been Tungusic
The Puyŏ languages: Buyeo, Goguryeo, Okjeo and Ye-Maek;
The Han languages: Chinhan (became Silla), Byeonhan (became Gaya), Mahan (became Baekje).
They consider the Puyŏ languages and Han languages as a part of the same family.
However, this language connection is not accepted by everyone. Furthermore, some consider it a Koreanic languages, while others believe it is a Peninsular Japonic language.
Alexander Vovin notes that the Japonic-origin toponyms of Samguk Sagi are mainly concentrated in the Han River basin's region, formerly part of Baekje and later annexed by Goguryeo. Furthermore, he finds that Mahan is very similar to pseudo-Goguryeo, so he concludes that such a differentiation may be artificial.
Soo-Hee Toh, while taking toponyms into account, hypothesizes that Mahan, Ye-Maek and Gaya were the same language.




Lexical comparison


Vovin, who supports a Japonic origin for Mahan, compares words from this language to words from islander Japonic.




See also


Gaya confederacy
Silla




References






= Bibliography

=
Vovin, Alexander (2013), Korean Linguistics (ed.), From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean, retrieved 10 September 2024
Vovin, Alexander (2017), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics (ed.), Origins of the Japanese Language, retrieved 10 September 2024
Alexander Vovin (2014), EHESS/CRLAO (ed.), Out of Southern China?, retrieved 10 September 2024
Andrew Logie (13 October 2012), Koreanology (ed.), Notes on the languages of the Three Kingdoms, retrieved 10 September 2024
Lee, Ki-Moon; Ramsey, S. Robert (2011), A History of the Korean Language (PDF), Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-139-49448-9, retrieved 10 September 2024
Martine Robbeets (2020), Oxford University Press (ed.), Archaeolinguistic evidence for the farming/language dispersal of Koreanic, retrieved 10 September 2024
Martine Robbeets (2007), Korea in the Middle (ed.), Koguryo as a Missing Link, retrieved 10 September 2024
Soo-Hee Toh (2005), Journal of Inner and East Asian Studies (ed.), About Early Paekche Language Mistaken as Being Koguryŏ Language (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2009, retrieved 10 September 2024

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